Ethics | Jotup

Are tomorrow’s engineers ready to face AI’s ethical challenges?

Retrieved on:

Friday, April 19, 2024

Research, Algorithm, Pressure, Science, Intelligence, Education, Ethics, News, AI, Faculty, Student, Woman, STEM, Apathy, Workforce, Privacy, Problem solving, Workplace, Engineering

A test version of a Roomba vacuum collects images of users in private situations.

Key Points:

A test version of a Roomba vacuum collects images of users in private situations.
The general public depends on software engineers and computer scientists to ensure these technologies are created in a safe and ethical manner.
What’s more, some appear apathetic about the moral dilemmas their careers may bring – just as advances in AI intensify such dilemmas.

Aware, but unprepared

We asked students about their experiences with ethical challenges in engineering, their knowledge of ethical dilemmas in the field and how they would respond to scenarios in the future.
When asked, however, “Do you feel equipped to respond in concerning or unethical situations?” students often said no.
“Do YOU know who I’m supposed to go to?” Another was troubled by the lack of training: “I [would be] dealing with that with no experience.

Other researchers have similarly found that many engineering students do not feel satisfied with the ethics training they do receive. Common training usually emphasizes professional codes of conduct, rather than the complex socio-technical factors underlying ethical decision-making. Research suggests that even when presented with particular scenarios or case studies, engineering students often struggle to recognize ethical dilemmas.

‘A box to check off’

A study assessing undergraduate STEM curricula in the U.S. found that coverage of ethical issues varied greatly in terms of content, amount and how seriously it is presented.
Additionally, an analysis of academic literature about engineering education found that ethics is often considered nonessential training.
[Misusage] issues are not their concern.” One of us, Erin Cech, followed a cohort of 326 engineering students from four U.S. colleges.
Following them after they left college, we found that their concerns regarding ethics did not rebound once these new graduates entered the workforce.

Joining the work world

When engineers do receive ethics training as part of their degree, it seems to work.
Along with engineering professor Cynthia Finelli, we conducted a survey of over 500 employed engineers.

Over a quarter of these practicing engineers reported encountering a concerning ethical situation at work.
Yet approximately one-third said they have never received training in public welfare – not during their education, and not during their career.

Elana Goldenkoff receives funding from National Science Foundation and Schmidt Futures. Erin A. Cech receives funding from the National Science Foundation.

3 things to learn about patience − and impatience − from al-Ghazali, a medieval Islamic scholar

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 18, 2024

Metaphor, Islam, Learning, Appetite, Philosophy, Social justice, Part, Muslims, Human, Ethics, Child, Poverty, Pain, Book, Virtue, Al-Ghazali, Emotion, Management

From childhood, we are told that patience is a virtue and that good things will come to those who wait.

Key Points:

From childhood, we are told that patience is a virtue and that good things will come to those who wait.
And, so, many of us work on cultivating patience.
The writings of medieval Islamic thinker Abu Hamid al-Ghazali can give us insights or help us understand why we need to practice patience – and also when not to be patient.

Who was al-Ghazali?

He traveled to places as far as Baghdad and Jerusalem to defend Islam and argued there was no contradiction between reason and revelation.
More specifically, he was well known for reconciling Aristotle’s philosophy, which he likely read in Arabic translation, with Islamic theology.
This work is composed of 40 volumes in total, divided into four parts of 10 books each.

1. What is patience?

Humans, according to al-Ghazali, have competing impulses: the impulse of religion, or “bāʿith al-dīn,” and the impulse of desire, or “bāʿith al-hawā.” Life is a struggle between these two impulses, which he describes with the metaphor of a battle: “Support for the religious impulse comes from the angels reinforcing the troops of God, while support for the impulse of desire comes from the devils reinforcing the enemies of God.”

The amount of patience we have is what decides who wins the battle.
As al-Ghazali puts it, “If a man remains steadfast until the religious impulse conquers … then the troops of God are victorious and he joins the troops of the patient.

2. Patience, values and goals

It all starts with commitments to core values.
For a Muslim like al-Ghazali, those values are informed by the Islamic tradition and community, or “umma,” and include things like justice and mercy.
Living in a way that is consistent with these core values is what the moral life is all about.

3. When impatience is called for

Certainly, there are forms of injustice and suffering in the world that we should not calmly endure.
Despite his commitment to the importance of patience to a moral life, al-Ghazali makes room for impatience as well.
But could the necessity for impatience be extended to social harms, such as systemic racism or poverty?

Liz Bucar received funding from Templeton Religion Trust to support work on this topic.

Draft revised Heads of Medicines Agency / European Medicines Agency guidance document on the identification of personal data and commercially confidential information within the structure of the marketing authorisation application dossier

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 18, 2024

Steps, Union, Patient, CTD, Syndrome, CCI, Local, Disclosure, Toxicity, Process validation, MAH, Clinical trial, IP, RMP, Pharmacovigilance, Cell, Legislation, Annex, Trial of the century, Escherichia coli, Safety, Pediatrics, INTRODUCTION, Documentation, Prevalence, Vital signs, Tablet, Design, Transparency, Conclusion, Pip, Analysis, European Parliament, INN, Record, Quality, Generic, Biology, CMO, Genotoxicity, Composition, CTIS, Uncontrolled, Health care, European Medicines Agency, Prejudice, Committee, Policy, HCP, Animal, Characterization, Cell bank, Fertility, IRB, CMOS, Risk management, Private law, European Pharmacopoeia, Telephone, Research, Good, Data Protection Directive, Ampere-hour, IEC, QP, Human, Personal data, Labelling, Bibliography, Figure, MAA, R4, Institutional review board, Elucidation, Marketing, M4, ChromeOS, Contract research organization, Mental, Impairment, Toxicokinetics, NCA, Independent, Metabolite, Drug, Risk, Metabolism, GMO, Organ, EMA, Common Technical Document, General Data Protection Regulation, Confidentiality, PPD, PI, Language, DRUG, Privacy, Result, Claimed, Medication, Comparison, Ethics, Drive, PD, Narrative, EEA, Developmental toxicity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pharmacopoeia, PIP, MCB, HMA, Physical chemistry, Midol, Particle size, Council, GCP, European Economic Area, Draft, Fermentation, Overview, Justification, Control, Dicarboxylic acid, Pharmacology, WCB, Expert, Immunogenicity, Data, Study, Publication, European, ICH, Element, Analytical procedures (finance auditing), Name, Common, Guideline, Exceptional circumstances, ID, Liver, Chin Na, Toxicology, Protein primary structure, Immunosuppressive drug, Vaccine

See websites for contact details

Key Points:

See websites for contact details
Heads of Medicines Agencies www.hma.eu
European Medicines Agency www.ema.europa.eu
11

Table of contents

12

Abbreviations .............................................................................................. 3

13

Definitions ................................................................................................... 4

14

1.
redaction, masking,
68

hiding) in such a manner that the recipient can no longer attribute the resulting information to a data

69

subject and make it identifiable.
81
Contract Manufacturing Organisation (CMO): shall mean an arrangement under which a

82

manufacturer provides upstream manufacturing services under contract on behalf of third-party

83

pharmaceutical companies.
94
Protected Personal Data (PPD): shall mean any personal data which should be protected from

95

disclosure.
?Finalised? shall mean that the marketing
102

authorisation (MA) has been granted or refused or that the MAA has been withdrawn.
The application of the general principles laid down in this guidance is without prejudice to
106

national rules on transparency.
The guidance should be read in conjunction with the relevant applicable
107

legislation and case law on transparency and data protection.
117
This guidance document is intended to apply to information/documents on medicinal products for

118

human use, for which the procedure has been finalised under the national, mutual recognition,

119

decentralised and centralised procedures.
Third
124

parties shall be informed or consulted as needed depending on respective national and European legal

125

frameworks.
140
In the following sections, the agreed principles on PD and CCI are presented, including guidance on

141

whether such information can be disclosed.
EMA/131365/2024
Page 5/50

142

Any information identified as PD or CCI must be subject to a preliminary review by the EMA/NCA prior

143

to the possible disclosure of the information/documents.
Principles on the protection of personal data (PD)
145

The protection of PD is enshrined in EU legislation; it is a fundamental right of EU citizens.
In
146

compliance with the applicable European/national legislation, PD should be anonymised in order to

147

avoid the disclosure of the document undermining the privacy and integrity of any individual.
EMA/NCA applies a risk-based approach to assess which PD elements are to be
152

removed from the information/documents in order to limit the risk of re-identification.
are included in the MAA dossier because they have a legally
164

defined role or responsibility and it is in the public interest to disclose this data.
168
Applicants are advised that non-essential information (e.g., personal address, personal phone number)

169

should not be included in the MAA dossier.
The
183

confidentiality of records that could identify subjects should be protected, respecting the privacy and

184

confidentiality rules in accordance with the applicable regulatory requirement(s).
185
The applicant remains responsible for compliance with the relevant legislation in cases where such data

186

is inadvertently included in the MAA dossier.
188
EMA/NCA applies a risk-based approach to assess which personal data elements need to be removed

189

from the information/documents in order to limit the risk of re-identification.
194
EMA/NCA applies a risk-based approach to assess which personal data elements need to be removed

195

from the information/documents in order to limit the risk of re-identification.
205
Any proposal to consider information as commercially confidential should be properly justified by the

206

owner of the information.
In this respect, any reference(s) to the risk of that interest being
209

undermined should be foreseeable and not purely hypothetical.
210
Information that is already in the public domain is not considered to be commercially confidential.
Information on the Quality and Manufacturing of medicines
226

A general principle regarding quality and manufacturing information is that detailed information could

227

be considered commercially confidential but general information should be disclosed.
234
In general, and if not in the public domain, the names of manufacturers or suppliers of the active

235

substance or the excipients are considered commercially confidential.
248
A general description of the type of test methods used and the appropriateness of the specification is

249

not commercially confidential.
General information on the fermentation and purification process
259

is not commercially confidential, although details including operating parameters and specific material

260

requirements are commercially confidential.
273
A general description of the type of test methods used and the appropriateness of the specification is

274

not commercially confidential.
In general, the data included in clinical trial study reports is considered to be data that can be
283

disclosed once PD has been anonymised.
338
In each module, a non-exhaustive list of information that may be considered protected personal data (PPD) or commercially confidential information

332
333

339

(CCI) is included.
?
Direct contact details such as telephone

Therefore, please refer to the appropriate sub-

number, fax number, email, postal address,

modules hereafter for guidance.
?
Information that may reveal strategic
(contractual) agreements

?

Any quality information on the clinical batches

principal investigator

that might be included here (such as e.g.
?
Information that may reveal strategic
(contractual) agreements

principal investigator

Study Reports
5.3.3.3

as the evaluation of new formulation, innovative

number, fax number, email, postal

Paediatric Development Plan (PIP), etc.
This may include taking into
More Than One Study
5.3.5.4

Other Clinical Study Reports

5.3.6

Reports of Post-Marketing
Experience

5.3.7

Direct identifiers such as name,
signature, contact details, etc.

Feedback on the input provided by the European Parliament as part of its resolution on the ECB’s Annual Report 2022

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 18, 2024

Crypto, European banking union, Governance, Exercise, TARGET, Ciccarelli, Single, Climate, OJ, Ethics, Carbon, ECRB, Parliament, Council, European Systemic Risk Board, European Commission, Paris Agreement, Television, Annual, Letter, Speech, Employment, Social, ESRB, Euro, Prejudice, FSB, AML, ECB, Blog, Risk, ESCB, Committee, NGFS, Policy, Woman, Suggestion, Radio, GDP, Privacy, Weather, Person, Climate change, Communication, Digital, Intelligence, Economic and monetary union, SSM, Bias, Knowledge, Mentorship, EMU, Commission, Economy, Publication, Annual report, Financial Action Task Force, Orientation, Nickel, NPL, European Central Bank, Uncertainty, Financial Stability Board, Conference, NCBS, Treaty, Growth, Financial system, Central bank, European Parliament, Network, Natural Resources, COVID-19, Terrorism, Bank, Female, IMF, Multi-function printer, Recreation, Memorandum, Data, AMLA, Security printing

Beyond managing related risks, the financial sector can also contribute to the transition toward a net-zero economy.

Key Points:

Beyond managing related risks, the financial sector can also contribute to the transition toward a net-zero economy.
Our work aims to enhance data transparency in climate change analysis, while informing monetary policy, financial stability and banking supervision.
The indicators we have developed focus on the euro area financial sector and are built from harmonised granular datasets.

The Bank of Thailand reaffirms its adherence to integrity and principles to build confidence - good governance in Thailand

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Anything we do or think, we have to be able to explain why we act or think this way," she noted.

Key Points:

Anything we do or think, we have to be able to explain why we act or think this way," she noted.
The Bank of Thailand also vows to create transparency in the decision-making process and make it auditable.
The decision-making is transparent because there is a data storage and communication system so that it can always be traced back.
The NACC is supervised by the NACC Board and has the Office of the NACC as its administrative agency.

Thailand’s Anti-Corruption Commission initiates an Anti-Corruption Education curriculum to educate Thai children and instill integrity value in society

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Corruption in Thai society during the past period has had enormous negative effects on the country and is a major obstacle to the country's development in all dimensions.

Key Points:

Corruption in Thai society during the past period has had enormous negative effects on the country and is a major obstacle to the country's development in all dimensions.
However, nowadays it has changed to become more complex which is involved with a conflict of interest and policy corruption.
"Children and youth are the future and hope of the country we can instill the idea that corruption is an unusual thing in society.
All of those are considered challenging goals of the NACC in driving the anti-corruption education curriculum toward future achievement.

Thailand’s National Anti-Corruption Commission issues guidelines to tackle corruption aiming to promote more foreign investors’ confidence

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Government, Finance, Integrity, Corruption, Risk, Perception, Ethics, Private sector, NACC, News, CAC, ITA, Fraud, Public sector, Virtue, Drug

Also, the move is aimed to increase foreign investors' confidence so that they will continue to invest in the country.

Key Points:

Also, the move is aimed to increase foreign investors' confidence so that they will continue to invest in the country.
Overall, many countries have failed to fight against corruption, with up to 95% of countries making no progress in tackling corruption since 2017.
The perception of corruption in government agencies providing investment services in Thailand was also at the moderate stage.
Thus, to promote more foreign investors' confidence, the NACC recently issued eight guidelines for both local and international investors' practices against corruption, he explained.

The National Anti-Corruption Commission Thailand seeks suitable measures to prevent corruption risks regarding rewards for officials to ensure transparency for all.

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Remuneration, Reward, Government, Information technology, Finance, Corruption, Risk, Comptroller, Ethics, Human, Private sector, NACC, News, Ministry, Virtue, NCC, Guideline, Drug

BANGKOK, THAILAND - Media OutReach Newswire - 18 March 2024 - The Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), Thailand has brainstormed concerns from all related agencies to prevent corruption risk regarding bribery to officials and reward for officials to ensure transparency work of its officials and confidence for both local and international investors. In efforts to uphold ethical conduct among officials who are directly involved with tacking corruption, the NCC recently held a meeting to brainstorm ideas on "Guidelines for Preventing Corruption Risk Regarding Bribe Payment and Rewards from the Performance of Officials". This is aimed at voicing opinions for the revision of the guidelines for rewarding officers with appropriateness, fairness, and consistency with the performance of duties, and remuneration based on performance for officials who work in tackling corruption in the country. According to the NACC, it has provided recommendations for the revision of the reward payment for the Customs Department, the Ministry of Finance is afraid that the rewards caused 'moral hazards' among officials who are involved in the process of tackling corruption. Following the reward, it encouraged the officials to focus only on tasks with high rewards or having rewards, while neglecting to perform tasks with low rewards or no remuneration, which may cause corruption inequality, and unfairness among civil servants. The reward could also be considered as the risk of conflict of interest of the authority in determining the eligibility for the award and determining the proportion of the reward. The officials could risk rewarding themselves which was not inconsistent with the purpose of the guideline that wants to promote effective law enforcement, or may lead to the creation of false evidence in the disbursement of bribes. The meeting was attended by representatives of relevant agencies including the Ministry of Finance, the Customs Department, the Comptroller General's Department Excise Department, the Office of the Narcotics Control Commission Anti-Money Laundering Office, the Royal Thai Police, the Office of the Auditor General, experts, executives and officers. The meeting focused on various issues covering: who is entitled to receive the reward, the proportion and rate of payment of the reward, the appropriateness and fairness of the reward, the prevention of risks of discretion and conflict of interest, and the changing trend in the process of giving bribery and reward, explained Mrs. Suwana Suwanjuta, NACC Commissioner, who chaired the meeting. However, with the modernization and connectivity of information technology today, this enables agility and efficient linkage of various data, as well as the NACC's credibility among international, the reward for officers could be revised to ensure the appropriateness of providing rewards for the authorities and to encourage government officials to enforce the law more efficiently and equitably in the bureaucracy. In this regard, the NACC hopes that the meeting will voice concern from all involved so that the revision of the guidelines to provide rewards to officials will be more efficient and ensure transparency for all involved, helping improve standards in tackling corruption with more advancing and modernizing measures, the NACC concluded. ---------------------------------------------------- Reference: https://www.nacc.go.th/categorydetail/20180831184638361/20240312183512? *This press release translation is funded by the National Anti-Corruption Fund (NACF). Hashtag: #IntegrityWay #AntiCorruption #ZeroCorruption #NACC #NACF

Key Points:

BANGKOK, THAILAND - Media OutReach Newswire - 18 March 2024 - The Office of the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), Thailand has brainstormed concerns from all related agencies to prevent corruption risk regarding bribery to officials and reward for officials to ensure transparency work of its officials and confidence for both local and international investors.
In efforts to uphold ethical conduct among officials who are directly involved with tacking corruption, the NCC recently held a meeting to brainstorm ideas on "Guidelines for Preventing Corruption Risk Regarding Bribe Payment and Rewards from the Performance of Officials".
The National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) is a constitutional independent organization and supervised by nine commissioners selected from various professions.
It has the authority to file charges in court as well as support and build up awareness of the penalties for committing corruption.

The National Anti-Corruption Commission Thailand joins forces with international agencies to focus on preventing and suppressing transnational corruption

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 10, 2024

BANGKOK, THAILAND - Media OutReach Newswire - 25 March 2024 - As emerging with rapid digitalization that paves the way for transnational corruption, the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC), Thailand further tightened its collaboration with international organizations in tackling new tactics and complicated illicit activities in accordance with global standards. The NACC's Secretary-General, Mr. Niwatchai Kasemmongkol recently met with representatives of the Nordic Police Liaison Office, led by Mr. Carsten Andersen, Assistant Attache/Liaison Officer, Nordic Police Affairs Department at the Danish Embassy, Thailand and Ms. Jane Ohlsson, Assistant Ambassador/Coordinating Officer for Police Affairs in the Nordic Countries at the Swedish Embassy, Thailand, along with NACC's executives and representatives from the Bureau of International Corruption Affairs and Cases, and the Bureau of Investigation and Special Affairs to enhance cooperation between the NACC enforcement agencies in combating transnational corruption. "Current corruption problems are not limited to any one country. But it has developed into a transnational crime, which affects all countries around the world. Therefore, cooperation between each other in various forms, both bilateral and multilateral is considered an important mechanism for effectively preventing transnational corruption of all kinds," said the NACC secretary-general. He further elaborated that the NACC has collaboration with enforcement agencies from the Nordic countries in both bilateral and multilateral. It has a memorandum of understanding between each other to exchange legal information, coordinate cases, as well as academic cooperation in particular, the sharing of knowledge and anti-corruption practices which is beneficial to raising the level of the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) of Thailand. This tie collaboration will help promote the prevention and suppression of corruption in Thailand more effectively. Furthermore, under the cooperation, both sides discussed and exchanged information on international cooperation in criminal matters related to corruption cases between Thailand and the Nordic countries. Denmark has expressed great interest in the NACC's corruption prosecutions and is willing to cooperate in solving transnational corruption cases, while also exchanging information that is beneficial to the fight against corruption. Mr. Niwatchai concluded that the NACC has given great importance to strengthening and expanding the network of cooperation with law enforcement agencies of various countries to deal with transnational corruption continuously. Presently, the NACC, in Thailand has made memoranda of understanding with 25 law enforcement agencies and international organizations, including nine ASEAN countries, the Ministry of Supervision of China, the Independent Authority against Corruption of Mongolia, the Anti-Corruption Commission of Bhutan, the Independent Commission Against Corruption of Australia, the Oversight and Anti-Corruption Authority of Saudi Arabia, the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Federal Ministry of the Interior of Austria, Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, International Department of the National Crime Agency of the United Kingdom, and Office of the Comptroller General of Brazil, as well as World Bank, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), International Anti-Corruption Academy (IACA), Basel Institute on Governance, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN International Organization for Migration (IOM). ----------------------------------------- *This exclusive interview translation is funded by the National Anti-Corruption Fund (NACF). Hashtag: #IntegrityWay #AntiCorruption #ZeroCorruption #NACC #NACF

Key Points:

Therefore, cooperation between each other in various forms, both bilateral and multilateral is considered an important mechanism for effectively preventing transnational corruption of all kinds," said the NACC secretary-general.
He further elaborated that the NACC has collaboration with enforcement agencies from the Nordic countries in both bilateral and multilateral.
Furthermore, under the cooperation, both sides discussed and exchanged information on international cooperation in criminal matters related to corruption cases between Thailand and the Nordic countries.
The National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) is a constitutional independent organization and supervised by nine commissioners selected from various professions.

SEC Charges Advisory Firm Senvest Management with Recordkeeping and Other Failures

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, April 3, 2024

Commission, Ethics, Exercise, Security (finance), Audit

Washington, D.C.--(Newsfile Corp. - April 3, 2024) - The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced charges against registered investment adviser Senvest Management LLC for widespread and longstanding failures to maintain and preserve certain electronic communications.

Key Points:

Washington, D.C.--(Newsfile Corp. - April 3, 2024) - The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced charges against registered investment adviser Senvest Management LLC for widespread and longstanding failures to maintain and preserve certain electronic communications.
The SEC also charged Senvest with failing to enforce its code of ethics.
Senvest also failed to maintain or preserve the off-channel communications as required under the federal securities laws and the firm's policies and procedures.
The order finds that Senvest violated certain recordkeeping and ethics provisions of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and failed to reasonably supervise with a view to preventing and detecting violations.