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Arizona’s 1864 abortion law was made in a women’s rights desert – here’s what life was like then

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

But abortion was illegal in Arizona.

Key Points:

But abortion was illegal in Arizona.
Boido, the city’s sole female physician, asked Juhl for US$100 – about $2,000 today – to perform the abortion.
Juhl left the office, then tried to give herself an abortion and returned to Boido’s practice in physical distress.
It is unclear whether Boido performed an abortion, removed fetal tissue, or merely gave her pain medication.
As someone who teaches history in Arizona and researches slavery, I think it is useful to understand what life was like in Arizona when this abortion ban was in force.

A women’s rights desert

In 1864, Arizona – which was an official territory of the United States – was a vast desert.
Most women living in territorial Arizona were Diné, meaning Navajo, or Chiricahua Apache.
All women in Arizona could not vote, serve on juries or exercise full control over property in a marriage.
Throughout his life, he would have three more wives, including a 12-year-old, a 15-year-old and a 14-year-old at the time of their weddings.

Women’s rights in territorial Arizona

Women had few basic rights in Arizona before it became a state in 1912.
Hispanic and African American women had even fewer rights than white women.
Arizona punished anyone who kidnapped a Black person for the purpose of selling them into slavery.
In 1913, one year after Arizona became a state, women finally got the right to vote.

Getting an abortion in territorial Arizona

Some women like Juhl did indeed violate Arizona’s abortion ban, based on historical evidence of physicians charging a high fee.
The jury “found her guilty of performing an illegal operation,” according to the Arizona Republican newspaper.
Arizona kept this 1864 abortion ban in place until the U.S. Supreme Court ruled, in Roe v. Wade in 1973, that the right to get an abortion was constitutionally guaranteed.
The court reversed Roe v. Wade in 2022, sparking a series of events that have led to the resurrection of the 1864 Arizona abortion ban.

Calvin Schermerhorn does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

How Anzac deaths changed the way we mourn to this day

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

Victor Farr, a private in the 1st Infantry Battalion, was among the first to land at Anzac Cove just before dawn on April 25 1915.When the first roll call was conducted on April 29, he was nowhere to be found.

Key Points:

Victor Farr, a private in the 1st Infantry Battalion, was among the first to land at Anzac Cove just before dawn on April 25 1915.

When the first roll call was conducted on April 29, he was nowhere to be found.
His record was amended to read “missing”, something guaranteed to send any parent into a blind panic.
It was not until January 1916 that it was determined Farr had been killed in action in Turkey sometime between April 25 and 29.
Read more:
How Anzac Day came to occupy a sacred place in Australians' hearts

A heavy price

Almost half of the eligible white, male population of Australia volunteered and enlisted in the First Australian Imperial Force between 1914 and 1918. Of the 416,000 who joined up, more than 330,000 men served overseas. Of these, more than 60,000 would never return. These are among the highest casualty figures for any combatant nation in the entire war.

So the burden of bereavement fell on the shoulders of ageing parents.
The impact of wartime bereavement on ageing parents was enormous.

Some ended up in mental hospitals

She died unexpectedly at the age of 54 from heart failure on the first anniversary of her son’s death in France.
As I outlined in my PhD thesis, many working class mothers and fathers joined the wards of public mental hospitals, such as Callan Park in Sydney.

The psychiatric files I examined from several major mental hospitals showed evidence of delusions, fantasies and complete denial about their son’s death.
Upper class families avoided the stigma of public mental hospitals, as they could afford to see private doctors, and have nursing assistance at home.

How mourning changed

The scale of loss was as shocking as it was unprecedented, and permanently changed the culture of mourning practices in Australia.
Funeral services and overt displays of mourning differed according to class.

Neither was available to the bereaved in Australia during the Great War.
Read more:
Friday essay: images of mourning and the power of acknowledging grief
Instead, and with so many who were bereaved, the notion of claiming loss in public was seen as tasteless and vulgar.
The practice of wearing mourning black fell out of style.

Jen Roberts does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

For millions of Americans, high-speed internet is unavailable or unaffordable − a telecommunications expert explains how to bring broadband to the places that need it the most

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

The Conversation has collaborated with SciLine to bring you highlights from the discussion that have been edited for brevity and clarity.

Key Points:

The Conversation has collaborated with SciLine to bring you highlights from the discussion that have been edited for brevity and clarity.
Christopher Ali: Broadband internet, often just called broadband, is the technical term for high-speed internet connectivity.
But what high-speed internet fundamentally means to Americans is do we have the connectivity necessary to go about our digital lives.
Right now, the FCC reports that 7.2 million people lack access, but the commission numbers have been historically suspect.
But one thing is certain: Broadband deserts are most often found in rural, remote and Indigenous areas.
A program called the Affordable Connectivity Program subsidizes broadband for low-income families, and 50 million families across the country are eligible.
Some studies have found that access to broadband can impact grades and SAT scores, although there is disagreement about this.

Christopher Ali does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Family farms are fast disappearing: our research shows how young generations can take them up successfully

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

Olive, Farm, Farmer, Environment, Agriculture, Climate, Research, FAO, Policy, Entrepreneurship, Food, CAP, École polytechnique, Student, Family, Work

While some might think that family-run farms are a thing of the past, they are in fact the dominant business model in Europe.

Key Points:

While some might think that family-run farms are a thing of the past, they are in fact the dominant business model in Europe.
In 2020, they accounted for slightly more than 9 in every 10 of the EU’s 9.1 million farms.
According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), family farming plays a key role in making our food and agricultural systems more inclusive, sustainable, resilient and efficient.

Growing challenges

Between 2020 and 2010, the EU saw the number of its farms drop by approximately 3 million.
Compared to the past, the transmission of family farms has become more complicated due to structural and societal challenges.
Although some young people care passionately about carrying on the family farm, many would rather keep their professional and private lives separate.
By awarding subsidies proportionally to farm size, it is also accused of favouring large farms over small and medium-sized ones.

Making an impact

Despite these challenges, younger generations show enthusiasm for farming, whether or not they come from a family of farmers.
Marianne Gamet, a third-generation member of a family of champagne producers, believes that “the new generation can make a difference”.
Last but not least, the entrepreneurial spirit associated with family businesses is a big draw for many young people.

Retiring at the right time

This requires each party to understand the other’s expectations, as well as to effectively adjust roles and decision-making.
Earlier generations also need to be able to support the post-transmission phase and withdraw from the farm at the right time.
They need to prepare for the transition by creating the right conditions for the young generation to take over, in particular by switching to farming practices that appeal to them.
These adaptations include the organisation of work and, when appropriate, hiring employees to improve conditions on the farm by reducing drudgery and constraints.

Les auteurs ne travaillent pas, ne conseillent pas, ne possèdent pas de parts, ne reçoivent pas de fonds d'une organisation qui pourrait tirer profit de cet article, et n'ont déclaré aucune autre affiliation que leur organisme de recherche.

How marketing classes can rescue ‘ugly produce’ from becoming food waste

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

Steps, Well, Friends, Exercise, Learning, Environment, Recycling, Vegetable, Education, Research, Food, Table, Student, Love, Habit, Family, Marketing, Carleton University, Tutoring

At a time of rising food costs and growing food insecurity, a large percentage of food grown for consumption never reaches our tables.

Key Points:

At a time of rising food costs and growing food insecurity, a large percentage of food grown for consumption never reaches our tables.
This desire for cosmetically appealing food also extends to consumers, as we often prefer picture-perfect produce.

Showing ugly produce some love

A prominent example in the United States is Misfits Market, which launched in 2018.
By buying misshapen and ugly produce and reselling it at discount prices in subscription boxes, Misfits Market has grown into a billion-dollar business.
Despite such encouraging efforts, there’s still a lot of work to do on changing attitudes and behaviours to alleviate waste.

Steps towards change

RESCUER stands for the steps in the process of learning, action and change undertaken by students, and combines passive and active modes of learning.
We first engaged students with resources — “passive” forms of learning through lectures and curated readings on food waste, irregularly shaped produce and sustainable practices.
Throughout the process, students developed a greater cognizance of food waste, and these issues became more readily and consistently resonant when shopping.

Student comments

Well, students emerged with a much deeper understanding of food waste and an increase in responsible attitudes and behaviours.
This increase in responsibility is evident in the comments from students about RESCUER, including:
“I am cognizant of the negative effects that food abnormalities have on the environment due to food waste issues.
On that account, I will surely change some of my habits to match my perceived identity.
It revealed that students’ awareness, understanding and actions related to sustainability were all improved after having completed the exercise.

Educators can change attitudes

Overall, we’ve seen our RESCUER framework cultivate a shift towards responsible consumption, and it also situates marketing education within a sustainability narrative.
Ours is an example of how educators can play a crucial role in changing attitudes and actions, and in equipping future professionals with tools to tackle the challenges of sustainability.

The authors do not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and have disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Challengers: new Zendaya tennis film reviewed by an expert in the psychology of competition

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

Tashi, Attention, Affection, Tennis, Noise, Risk, Buffer, Observation, Art, Josh, Psychology, Competition, Sociology, Heart, Challenger, Family, Entertainment

“Tennis is a relationship,” says Tashi Duncan (Zendaya) in director Luca Guadagnino’s new film The Challengers.

Key Points:

“Tennis is a relationship,” says Tashi Duncan (Zendaya) in director Luca Guadagnino’s new film The Challengers.
Rather the heart of tennis, and perhaps of all competition, is a three-way relationship between two contestants and a third person.
The two boys compete for her attention and one night she ends up in their room, where they share a three-way kiss before she leaves.
When Art’s career also hits the buffers, she suggests he play the New Rochelle tennis tournament, at which Patrick will be waiting.

Piero Cipollone: Innovation, integration and independence: taking the Single Euro Payments Area to the next level

Retrieved on:

Thursday, April 25, 2024

This paper investigates the sensitivity of the demand for safe government debt to currency unhedged and hedged excess returns in a sample of US mutual funds.

Key Points:

This paper investigates the sensitivity of the demand for safe government debt to currency unhedged and hedged excess returns in a sample of US mutual funds.
We find evidence of active rebalancing towards government bonds that offer relatively higher returns on an unhedged basis, in particular euro denominated securities.

Georgia is sliding towards autocracy after government moves to force through bill on ‘foreign agents’

Retrieved on:

Tuesday, April 23, 2024

Democracy, National Democratic Institute, Survival, Attack, Non-governmental organization, International development, LGBTQ, Kremlin, Family, Human

The law would have required civil society groups and the media to register as being “under foreign influence” if they receive funding from abroad.

Key Points:

The law would have required civil society groups and the media to register as being “under foreign influence” if they receive funding from abroad.
This type of funding is a lifeline for most non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on human rights as they often receive scant domestic support.
The Georgian government, which is led by the Russian-leaning Georgian Dream Party, was forced to withdraw its bill after mass protests broke out.

Foreign agents law

From November 2012, any NGO that received foreign funding and engaged in political activities would have to self-report as a “foreign agent”.
These laws became even tougher in 2014 when the justice ministry was given the power to register groups as foreign agents without their consent.
Under the leadership of Viktor Orban, Hungary passed its first foreign agent law in 2017 – a huge blow for its own democracy.
Hungary has more recently passed a new sovereignty protection law, creating an investigative body with sweeping powers to gather information on groups or individuals that receive foreign funding and may try to influence public debate.

Abandoning democracy

Georgia’s former president and current de facto leader, Bidzina Ivanishvili, has tried to play on people’s fears that western-style democracy brings challenges to the traditional family, arguing that the country must rid itself of values alien to Georgia.
This is in line with the Kremlin’s crackdown on LGBTQ people, particularly since the start of the war in Ukraine.
Georgians are also becoming increasingly dismayed that the ruling party is abandoning even a minimal commitment to democracy.
Though these laws are passed in defence of sovereignty, they represent a clear assault on democracy.

Natasha Lindstaedt does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Would you be happy as a long-term single? The answer may depend on your attachment style

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Tuesday, April 23, 2024

Life, Friends, Ageing, Family, Journal, Avoidant personality disorder, Single person, Research, Emotion, Happiness, Anxiety, Canada immigration statistics, Weaving

When we think about people who have been single for a long time, we may assume it’s because single people have insecurities that make it difficult for them to find a partner or maintain a relationship.

Key Points:

When we think about people who have been single for a long time, we may assume it’s because single people have insecurities that make it difficult for them to find a partner or maintain a relationship.
Our study shows a crucial factor may be a person’s attachment style.

Singlehood is on the rise

Singlehood is on the rise around the world.
In Canada, single status among young adults aged 25 to 29 has increased from 32% in 1981 to 61% in 2021.
The number of people living solo has increased from 1.7 million people in 1981 to 4.4 million in 2021.

What does attachment theory say about relationships?

Attachment theory suggests our relationships with others are shaped by our degree of “anxiety” and “avoidance”.
Attachment anxiety is a type of insecurity that leads people to feel anxious about relationships and worry about abandonment.
Read more:
Is attachment theory actually important for romantic relationships?

Single people represent a diverse group of secure and insecure people

In our latest research, our team of social and clinical psychologists examined single people’s attachment styles and how they related to their happiness and wellbeing. We carried out two studies, one of 482 younger single people and the other of 400 older long-term singles. We found overall 78% were categorised as insecure, with the other 22% being secure. Looking at our results more closely, we found four distinct subgroups of singles:
secure singles are relatively comfortable with intimacy and closeness in relationships (22%)
anxious singles question whether they are loved by others and worry about being rejected (37%)
avoidant singles are uncomfortable getting close to others and prioritise their independence (23% of younger singles and 11% of older long-term singles)
fearful singles have heightened anxiety about abandonment, but are simultaneously uncomfortable with intimacy and closeness (16% of younger singles and 28% of older long-term singles).

Insecure singles find singlehood challenging, but secure singles are thriving

Our findings also revealed these distinct subgroups of singles have distinct experiences and outcomes.
Secure singles are happy being single, have a greater number of non-romantic relationships, and better relationships with family and friends.

However, they also have fewer friends and close relationships, and are generally less satisfied with these relationships than secure singles.
Avoidant singles also report less meaning in life and tend to be less happy compared to secure singles.

It’s not all doom and gloom

First, although most singles in our samples were insecure (78%), a sizeable number were secure and thriving (22%).
Being in an unhappy relationship is linked to poorer life outcomes than being single.
Our studies are some of the first to examine the diversity in attachment styles among single adults.

Geoff Macdonald receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
Yuthika Girme receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.

Choice and control: people with disability feel safer when they can select their NDIS providers

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Tuesday, April 23, 2024

Research, Friends, Disability, Attention, Safety, Abuse, Female, NDIS, Care, Housing, Workforce, Evidence-based practice, Family, Government, National Disability Insurance Scheme, Police, Nursing

Recommendations from the disability royal commission and the NDIS review were released late last year.

Key Points:

Recommendations from the disability royal commission and the NDIS review were released late last year.
In this series, experts examine what new proposals could mean for people with disability.
Recent media coverage about the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) frames the choices of people with disability as threats to their safety or the safety of others.

Choosing services and who provides them

Research indicates people with disability are more likely to be safe and free from abuse when they have choice over what services they receive and who provides them.
Previous research by one of us (Sophie) also found some people feel safe as a result of having more choice.
They may be dependent upon one provider for essential services.
Read more:
Unregistered NDIS providers are in the firing line – but lots of participants have good reasons for using them

There is more than one way to support safety

It did make other quality and safety recommendations that have not received the same degree of attention as the controversial recommendation on mandatory provider registration.
There are also recommendations to help all people with disability to navigate NDIS, foundational and other services and increase decision-making support.
The recommendations to diversify housing and living supports are critical for expanding both choice and safety.

What about worker safety?

These workers experience different pay and working conditions depending on the provider they work for and industrial award they are employed under.
NDIS participants can use online platforms to employ sole-trader support workers rather than going through agencies.
That said, workers employed by disability service organisations also report low levels of confidence in organisational safety and reporting systems.

What could support safety for everyone?

Rather than assuming choice and safety are in opposition to each other and further restricting choice, our research suggests the following priorities:

Safety is about being connected and embedded within the community, where many people are looking out for you, checking in on you and noticing if you don’t show up to your usual activities.
Ultimately, a scheme where people with disability are empowered to make meaningful decisions between quality services, and workers are valued and supported in their roles, will promote safety for everyone.
Read more:
States agreed to share foundational support costs.