Genetically engineered bacteria can detect cancer cells in a world-first experiment
Using synthetic biology, we can also engineer new and improved cells that could help us manage various diseases.
- Using synthetic biology, we can also engineer new and improved cells that could help us manage various diseases.
- In a new study published today in Science, my colleagues and I describe how we engineered bacteria to successfully detect cancer cells.
Leveraging competent bacteria
- Rob was studying genes and gene transfer in bacteria.
- When bacteria hoover up cell-free DNA into their cells, it’s called natural competence.
- So, competent bacteria can sample their nearby environment and, in doing so, acquire genes that may provide them with an advantage.
- If bacteria can take up DNA, and cancer is defined genetically by a change in its DNA, then, theoretically, bacteria could be engineered to detect cancer.
We put the bacterium through its paces
- Acinetobacter baylyi, a naturally competent bacterium, was chosen to be the experimental biosensor – a disease-detecting cell.
- It was important to integrate – hold in place – the tumour DNA.
- In doing so, we could activate other integrated genes, in this case an antibiotic resistance gene, as a signal for the cancer being detected.
- In a mouse model of colorectal cancer, we inject mouse colorectal cancer cells into the colon, using mouse colonoscopy.
CATCH’s promising start – but more testing is needed
- We have named this technology CATCH: cellular assay for targeted, CRISPR-discriminated horizontal gene transfer.
- Read more:
What is CRISPR, the gene editing technology that won the Chemistry Nobel prize? - The most exciting aspect of cellular healthcare, however, is not in the mere detection of disease.