Nervous system

• Thankfully, with the right preventative and protective measures, the human body can survive these icy temperatures.
• Here’s what you need to know about identifying and treating the most common cold injury: frostbite.
• However, despite our bodies’ inherent temperature controls, without the right protection, we might still be vulnerable to cold weather injuries.

• For frostbite to occur, exposed body parts need to be subjected to a temperature that is below minus 0.55°C.
• At this temperature it will take several hours for exposed skin to become frostbitten.
• For example, temperatures in the -20s can cause frostbite on exposed skin in under 30 minutes.

Who does it affect?

• However, with the global population beginning to live in harsher environments and an increase in winter and snow sports, this is likely to increase in the general population.
• Reduced ability to sense the cold also increases the frostbite vulnerability of those who’ve had a stroke or have peripheral nerve damage.
• The consumption of alcohol also reduces blood pressure, which may also reduce the amount of blood pumped to extremities.

Symptoms

• Preserving the core body temperature is key to keeping the brain, heart, kidneys and lungs functioning and preventing hypothermia.
• This cooling brings about tingling and numbness of the exposed areas, and skin flushes red or white as the body frantically tries to rewarm itself.
• This initial stage is known as frostnip, and, although uncomfortable, leaves no permanent damage to tissues.

Treatment and prevention

• For frostbite, immediate medical treatment should be sought – sadly the pain of recovery is often far worse than the injury.
• Rewarming is the process of bringing the affected parts back to functioning body temperature.
• However, where ice crystals have damaged tissue, blisters are common and the nerves become hypersensitive, causing excruciating pain.

Adam Taylor does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

• Lori Bisson, Chief Executive Officer of Autonomix, commented, “We continue to execute on advancing the development of our technology.
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