Wildfire smoke is an increasing threat to Canadians' health
Air quality in Canada has improved over the past several decades, and Canada’s air is among the cleanest in the world.
- Air quality in Canada has improved over the past several decades, and Canada’s air is among the cleanest in the world.
- But that progress is threatened by smoke from wildfires, which are becoming more frequent and more intense with climate change.
- Canada’s 2023 wildfire season is the worst on record, with more than 5,800 reported fires and over 15 million hectares burned to date.
- Wildfire smoke can travel long distances, exposing large populations — both close to and far away from fires — to very high concentrations of pollution.
The health impact of wildfire smoke
- The toxicity of wildfire smoke also depends on the type of vegetation and burning conditions and may change as the smoke “ages” in the atmosphere.
- This underscores the need to distinguish the health impacts of wildfire smoke from the impacts of other pollution sources.
- Evidence linking wildfire smoke with adverse health effects has been accumulating for years and the notion that wildfire smoke is “natural,” and therefore less harmful than other types of air pollution, is not supported by the evidence.
- The health effects of wildfire smoke likely extend beyond the lungs and heart.
Strategies to protect health
- But there are strategies that individuals and communities can use to reduce exposure and health risks.
- Before fires begin, those with chronic conditions can discuss strategies for managing their health with their health-care providers, and ensure access to necessary medications.
- The Air Quality Health Index and smoke forecasts can help Canadians decide when these strategies are needed.
- Multiple overlapping strategies are needed to mitigate the health impacts of Canada’s worsening wildfires.