Voyager 1

• Since 2019, I’ve watched my unencumbered enthusiasm for rocket launches soften to tepid interest, and finally sour to outright dread.
• The final nail in the coffin for my love of rocket launches came with SpaceX’s Starlink satellite megaconstellations.
• Read more:
  Soon, 1 out of every 15 points of light in the sky will be a satellite

Crowded orbits

• SpaceX has launched thousands of their own Starlink communication satellites, as well as hundreds of satellites for their direct competitors.
• As an astronomer, I’m painfully aware of what these thousands of new satellites have done to the night sky worldwide.
• Starlink satellites are the most numerous and occupy some of the lowest orbits, so they make up the majority of the satellites seen in the sky.

Lost information and knowledge

• Astronomers are the canaries in the coal mine for this rapidly expanding experiment in orbit: we see these satellites increasingly affecting our research every day.
• I have watched over the past five years as satellite streaks in my own research images from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope have changed from an unusual occurrence to lost data in nearly every image.

• Astronomy is the only way to learn about the universe, the overwhelming majority of which can never be explored by humans.
• There are a handful of telescopes in Low Earth Orbit that also have to contend with light pollution from Starlink and other megaconstellations.

Government regulation needed

• Regulation on the number of satellites in orbit would force corporations toward technology improvements and service models that use fewer satellites, keeping orbit usable for future generations.
• Read more:
  It's not too late to save the night sky, but governments need to get serious about protecting it

  Ask your government representatives to support satellite regulation, and expansion of rural broadband.

• With proper regulation, our oldest form of space exploration can continue.

Samantha Lawler receives research funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

Impact cratering happens on every solid body in the Solar System. In fact, it is the dominant process affecting the surfaces on most extraterrestrial bodies today. On Earth, however, such craters are often lost over time by active geological processes, but elsewhere in the Solar System there are some truly majestic examples of impact craters preserved for all to see. Here, we pick our highlights of what the Solar System has to offer.

1. South Pole–Aitken basin, the Moon

• Our first crater is a big one: the biggest, deepest and oldest impact crater on the Moon.
• It is 2,500km diameter, 6.2 to 8.2km deep and formed roughly 4.2 billion years ago.
• As the name suggests, it is at the south pole on the far side of the Moon, although the crater rim can be seen from Earth as a dark mountain range, just on the border between the light and dark side of the moon.

2. Unnamed Crater (S1094b), Mars

• There are many famous craters on Mars, from the homes of Mars rovers (Gale Crater for Curiosity or Jezero for Perseverance) to the hypothesised source regions of Mars meteorites (Tooting or Mojave).
• While Mars rovers claim all the glory for exploring the Martian surface, the satellites orbiting Mars have been making discoveries of their own for decades.

3. Enki Catena, Ganymede

• Enki Catena is a chain crater on Ganymede, one of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter.
• At latest count, Jupiter has more than 90 moons, a mini planetary system of its own.
• There are also strings of craters found on two of the moons, Callisto and Ganymede.
• Enki Catena is a chain of 13 craters which crosses from an area of dark to bright terrain on Ganymede.

4. Occator Crater, Ceres

• The Occator crater on Ceres is impressive because it contains a bright spot in the centre that has been observed both from space, and from Earth at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii.
• NASA’s Dawn mission entered an orbit around Ceres in 2015, and imaged the bright spot in Occator crater known as “Spot 5”.

5. Aurelia, Venus

• It is when it comes to size, but the surface images we have of Venus show the planets have very different features.
• Venus has a thick cloudy atmosphere, and visible-light cameras can’t see through to the surface.
• Speaking of volcanoes on Venus, recently a group from the University of Alaska Fairbanks used this Magellan data to find the first active volcano on Venus NASA has three Venus missions in development over the next 10 years, so hopefully soon we will know much more about our enigmatic twin.

• Voyager is committed to advancing the field of AAV gene therapy through innovation and investment in vector engineering and optimization, manufacturing, and dosing and delivery techniques.
• All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that Voyager expected.
• All information in the press release is as of the date of this press release, and any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it was made.
• Voyager undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise this information or any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.\n'

• 1,316 Drivers Inducted This Year; Circle of Honor Now Includes 10,411
  ATLANTA, Feb. 26, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- UPSs 10,411 Circle of Honor Drivers have collectively traveled about 15 billion miles, without so much as a fender-bender.
• For context: after 42 years of rocketing into space, the Earths most far-flung spaceship, the Voyager 1 space probe, has traveled almost 15 billion miles.
• Voyager is traveling over 38,000 miles per hour; it streaked past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune years ago and has been in interstellar space for 7 years.
• With those new inductees, the Circle of Honor now includes 10,411 of UPSs active brown-clad drivers.