Testosterone

• These rules have meant that Semenya has not been allowed to compete in her preferred events since 2019.
• Semenya first brought legal action against these rules at the court of arbitration for sport (CAS), based in Switzerland.
• Semenya has now had a legal victory at the European court of human rights, which found that the Swiss state violated her human rights in its handling of earlier cases.
• Cases before the human rights court are brought against states who have signed the European convention on human rights.

A long legal battle

• This could be done by taking medication such as oral contraceptives, which Semenya was reluctant to do because of their side effects.
• The court ruled that her right to non-discrimination in respect of her private and family life, as well as her right to an effective legal remedy, had been violated.
• This meant that the Swiss state had not adequately safeguarded her human rights through the legal process open to her.
• She would, however, be armed with a judgment stipulating that her rights under the European convention on human rights must be fully considered.

Changing the rules of sport

• However, UN principles state that businesses have a corporate responsibility to respect human rights.
• This decision from the human rights court suggests that courts in signatory states must consider human rights when reviewing disputes between athletes and sports governing bodies.
• Her tenacity has been rewarded with a judgment that may well prove to be a pivotal point in the protection of athletes’ human rights.

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• Since its launch in April 2023, the company has gained viral acclaim, particularly for its flagship product, Notable Focus.
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• The comprehensive program elevates industry standards by providing painless at-home hormone assessments along with ongoing, proactive testing of 22 biomarkers.
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