Battle of Majuba Hill

First Nations Anzacs sacrificed life and limb for Country. Why aren’t their stories shown onscreen?

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 25, 2024

Since the 1860s, thousands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have served in the Australian Defence Force.

Key Points: 
  • Since the 1860s, thousands of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have served in the Australian Defence Force.
  • In addition, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders weren’t yet considered Australian citizens and were therefore automatically excluded from enlisting.
  • Despite this, many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders answered the call to defend their country by hiding their racial identity to enlist.

Fighting for Country

  • The chance to earn a wage and gain an education were also attractive causes as these rights were heavily restricted for Indigenous Australians at the time.
  • For the most part, however, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who joined the war effort did so out of a deep love for their country.
  • Even today, many families and communities continue to seek due recognition for Indigenous peoples’ contributions to the war effort.


Read more:
Telling the forgotten stories of Indigenous servicemen in the first world war

(A lack of) Indigenous recognition in media

  • Indigenous people’s contributions during WWI continue to be left out of major mainstream media productions.
  • Before Dawn (2024), the most recent Australian film based on the war, fails to include a single Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person in its cast.
  • Earlier films such as The Lighthorsemen (1987) and Gallipoli (1981) – perhaps the most iconic Australian WWI film – also fails to include or even mention an Indigenous presence.
  • Lewis and Larry Farmer both fought and survived at Gallipoli, but Larry was later killed on the Western Front.
  • A third brother, Augustus Pegg Farmer – the first Aboriginal soldier awarded the Military Medal for bravery – was killed in action several months later.

Untold stories

  • Two examples are the documentary The Australian Wars (2022) and the film Higher Ground (2020).
  • But it’s fair to say such projects sit outside the popular media most Australians are exposed to.
  • Where is the onscreen tale of the Indigenous Anzac soldier who obscured his racial identity to enlist?
  • Who survived through horrors, only to be excluded from all forms of post-war recognition and compensation?
  • I would like to sincerely acknowledge the diverse traditional custodians of this great land – their respective communities, Elders and Countries.


Cally Jetta does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

How do we commemorate the New Zealand Wars? The history of Anzac Day can be a guide

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, January 2, 2024

Historians and Māori leaders are now worried about the mixed impact of the day – known as Te Pūtake o te Riri – amid wider fears it is already slipping from public attention.

Key Points: 
  • Historians and Māori leaders are now worried about the mixed impact of the day – known as Te Pūtake o te Riri – amid wider fears it is already slipping from public attention.
  • Unlike Anzac Day, however, Te Pūtake o te Riri was not made an official holiday – and this may partly explain its struggle for wider recognition.

A question of timing

  • It emphasises Māori experiences, and each year’s commemoration is hosted by different hapū and iwi.
  • In 2023, for example, it focused on Ngai-te-rangi perspectives of the battle of Pukehinahina – “Gate Pā” – in Tauranga.

Evolution of Anzac Day

  • The comparison with the first world war invites an intriguing question: what lessons might we learn from the history of our most visible war commemoration, Anzac Day?
  • Indeed, in 1965, the 50th anniversary of Gallipoli, there were real doubts Anzac Day could survive the passing of the last Anzac veterans.
  • Read more:
    New lessons about old wars: keeping the complex story of Anzac Day relevant in the 21st century

    Instead, it has survived as a sacred day – helped perhaps by the 1920 Anzac Day Act which made it an official public holiday.

War memorials and public memory

  • The growing public ownership of Anzac Day ran parallel to the decline of Armistice Day, which marked the end of the World War I on November 11.
  • As the sculptor Brett Graham has noted, war memorials became the dominant sculptural form of public life.
  • Nowadays, they are among the nation’s most prominent public sites, including the Auckland War Memorial Museum, the Pukeahu National War Memorial in Wellington, and Christchurch’s Bridge of Remembrance.

Gallipoli and national unity

  • Significantly, the Gallipoli story – the central focus of our Anzac mythology – has been adapted and retold by each generation.
  • Māori Television (Whakatā Māori) established a national Anzac Day broadcast in 2005, deepening the shared cultural languages and motifs of April 25.
  • Since the 1990s, successive governments – especially Helen Clark’s in the early 2000s – invested in Anzac Day as a commemoration of national unity.

Need for a national policy

  • Some have suggested Te Pūtake o te Riri will never achieve the necessary public attention until it becomes a statutory holiday.
  • As Joanna Kidman noted, many New Zealand Wars cemeteries, memorials and battlefields have been neglected or are on private land.
  • The issues raised all point to the need for a national policy on the commemoration of the New Zealand Wars – guided by iwi, with critical input from scholars – that enhances community relationships.

New ways of remembering

  • After its service on October 28, the museum hosted whānau descendants of 28th Māori Battalion veterans who had never claimed their medals for serving in World War II.
  • By choosing Te Pūtake o te Riri for the ceremony, the organisers were able to bridge past and present through themes of service, sacrifice and citizenship.
  • As trusted institutions of public memory, museums are ideally placed to tell the stories of the New Zealand Wars.


Rowan Light does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Young people took up smoking during the pandemic – how tobacco has been used for stress relief for more than a century

Retrieved on: 
Saturday, December 30, 2023

But during some of the most anxiety-ridden months of the COVID pandemic in early 2020, that rate of decline slowed almost to a stop.

Key Points: 
  • But during some of the most anxiety-ridden months of the COVID pandemic in early 2020, that rate of decline slowed almost to a stop.
  • A recent study suggests that the social disruption, boredom and stress brought about by the pandemic may have contributed to a rise in young people taking up smoking.

Smoking as stress relief

  • For some, it was the drug of modernity, as its soothing effects (caused by nicotine) were the ideal antidote to the stress and tension that came with the machine age.
  • The invention of new technology such as the telegraph and railways made life more fast-paced and stressful.
  • At the turn of the 20th century, even medical journal The Lancet suggested that smoking could ease the “restlessness and irritability” that accompanied urban life.
  • In earlier conflicts, including the Boer war (1899-1902) and the Crimean war (1853-56), many military and medical writers had said much the same thing.
  • But the machine-made cigarette made smoking more accessible.

Concerns about young smokers

  • As I’ve found when reading journals from the early 1900s at the British Library, smoking was seen by some doctors and anti-tobacco activists to cause bad manners and antisocial behaviour in idle young boys.
  • Smoking was endangering the health of the next generation and, by extension, the health and longevity of the British empire.
  • Much like the young soldiers who had to endure a mix of intense stress and numbing boredom in the major wars of the modern era, the new, youthful smokers of the pandemic perhaps lit their first ever cigarette to deal with life in lockdown.


Michael Reeve does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

Proactive news headlines including Tesla, RespireRx Pharmaceuticals, Mindset Pharma, Cordoba Minerals and Xigem

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, March 17, 2022

With six offices on three continents, Proactive works with innovative growth companies quoted on the worlds major stock exchanges, helping executives to engage intelligently with investors.

Key Points: 
  • With six offices on three continents, Proactive works with innovative growth companies quoted on the worlds major stock exchanges, helping executives to engage intelligently with investors.
  • In 2020, Proactive featured in 809 million search results, our content was viewed over 165 million times and our readers spent over 10 million hours on our websites.
  • Proactive has produced over 300,000 articles and 20,000 executive interviews since it was established in 2006.
  • For more information on how Proactive can help you make a difference, email us at [email protected]

Proactive news headlines including Infield Minerals, Gratomic, ESE Entertainment, Belmont Resources, Great Atlantic Resources and Agra Ventures

Retrieved on: 
Monday, February 14, 2022

With six offices on three continents, Proactive works with innovative growth companies quoted on the worlds major stock exchanges, helping executives to engage intelligently with investors.

Key Points: 
  • With six offices on three continents, Proactive works with innovative growth companies quoted on the worlds major stock exchanges, helping executives to engage intelligently with investors.
  • In 2020, Proactive featured in 809 million search results, our content was viewed over 165 million times and our readers spent over 10 million hours on our websites.
  • Proactive has produced over 300,000 articles and 20,000 executive interviews since it was established in 2006.
  • For more information on how Proactive can help you make a difference, email us at [email protected] m

Bam Bam Announces Expanded Soil Sampling Underway at Majuba Hill Nevada Copper Project

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, June 1, 2021

Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - June 1, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that an extensive soil sampling program is underway at Majuba Hill.

Key Points: 
  • Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - June 1, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that an extensive soil sampling program is underway at Majuba Hill.
  • Previous soil sampling outlined numerous large copper, silver, zinc, molybdenum, and gold anomalies that had extended to the edge of the sampling area.
  • A property-wide drone magnetic survey completed in 2021 extended and enlarged the alteration footprint at Majuba Hill (Bam Bam News Release dated May 12, 2021).
  • The flagship project is the Majuba Hill copper, silver and gold District located 156 miles outside Reno, Nevada, USA.

Bam Bam Expanding Magnetic Coverage with Drone Survey at Majuba Hill Porphyry Project, Nevada

Retrieved on: 
Friday, February 19, 2021

Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - February 19, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that a drone magnetic survey by Zonge International, Inc. is underway at the Majuba Hill Porphyry Copper Project in Pershing County, Nevada.

Key Points: 
  • Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - February 19, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that a drone magnetic survey by Zonge International, Inc. is underway at the Majuba Hill Porphyry Copper Project in Pershing County, Nevada.
  • The magnetic coverage is being expanded because of the very encouraging results from a 2018 ground magnetic survey over part of the project area.
  • The detailed magnetic geophysical information from the drone survey will provide guidance for expanding the mineralization at Majuba Hill.
  • Majuba Hill is a large contiguous land position controlling the emerging Majuba Hill Copper District, located northeast of Reno, Nevada.

RETRANSMISSION: Larry Segerstrom joins Bam Bam Advisory Board and Completes review of Majuba Hill, Nevada Porphyry Copper Project

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, February 16, 2021

Following a week-long detailed field, core, and detailed data review, Mr. Segerstrom was very encouraged by the strong porphyry signature shown by the Majuba Hill Project.

Key Points: 
  • Following a week-long detailed field, core, and detailed data review, Mr. Segerstrom was very encouraged by the strong porphyry signature shown by the Majuba Hill Project.
  • His review of the core from our 2020 drilling provided immediate insight and confirmation for our staged exploration program at Majuba.
  • It is extremely rewarding to have another accomplished professional on the Bam Bam team.
  • The 2020 exploration was a staged program applying all available drilling, geochemistry, and geophysical data to the copper porphyry mineralization at Majuba.

Bam Bam Expands Majuba Hill NV Project

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, January 12, 2021

Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - January 12, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that the size of the Majuba Hill Project has been increased by almost seventy five percent.

Key Points: 
  • Vancouver, British Columbia--(Newsfile Corp. - January 12, 2021) - Bam Bam Resources Corp. (CSE: BBR) (OTC Pink: NPEZF) (FSE: 4NPB) ("Bam Bam" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that the size of the Majuba Hill Project has been increased by almost seventy five percent.
  • David Greenway, President & CEO, commented: "I am pleased that we have been able to expand the Majuba Hill Project to over 13 square miles (approx.
  • Majuba Hill is a large contiguous land position controlling the emerging Majuba Hill Copper District, located northeast of Reno, Nevada.
  • The flagship project is the Majuba Hill copper, silver and gold project located 156 miles outside Reno, Nevada, USA.

Bam Bam Deep Core Advances Porphyry Concept at Majuba Hill Nevada Project

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, December 23, 2020

The tremendous interest in Nevada as a safe jurisdiction has slowed several aspects of the expanded exploration program at the Majuba Hill Project.

Key Points: 
  • The tremendous interest in Nevada as a safe jurisdiction has slowed several aspects of the expanded exploration program at the Majuba Hill Project.
  • Assay results from the deep core drilling are expected to be complete before the end of the first quarter of 2021.
  • Quality Assurance/Quality Control ("QA/QC") Measures, Chain of Custody
    The Company has implemented a QA/QC program using best industry practices at the Majuba Hill Project.
  • The flagship project is the Majuba Hill copper gold project located 156 miles outside Reno, Nevada, USA.