Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests

• TBE is a disease that can lead to inflammation in the brain and is caused by a virus transmitted by the bite of a tick.
• The incidence in Europe was 0.9 cases per 100,000 people in 2020, but this shows significant variation by country.
• This virus wasn’t present in the UK until recent years.
• Taken together, this evidence suggests that the TBE virus is now successfully circulating in the UK, albeit at low levels.

How did it get here?

• The virus can be transferred from infected to non-infected ticks when both feed on the same host.
• Ticks infected with TBE virus have also been detected in the New Forest and the North Yorkshire Moors.
• Slight differences have been found in the genetic background between these viruses, suggesting there have been introductions from multiple locations.

Symptoms

• The effects of this virus can range from having no symptoms at all, to fever, fatigue and body pains, through to infection of the central nervous system where it results in inflammation (meningitis to severe encephalitis) that can lead to long-term neurological damage or death.
• More serious symptoms to look out for that may indicate encephalitis include severe headache, a stiff neck, confusion, and weakness in the arms and legs.

Preventing TBE

• There is a vaccine that has been used to prevent TBE in endemic regions for many years.
• While the levels of TBE virus are low in the UK, vaccination is probably not justifiable, but this needs to be actively monitored.
• The vaccine is also worth considering for people visiting a country where TBE is common and planning to do outdoor activities while there.
• Also, enhanced surveillance of ticks will be important to help us understand TBE risk in different areas of the UK.

• Biomass pellets are sustainable energy sources that might displace fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas as a source of electric energy, which is thought to affect the market for biomass pellets.
• A biomass pellet is a biofuel made from organic matter and biomass, including wood waste and sawdust.Biomass pellet is a cost-effective, clean-burning, and renewable fuel.
• However, the market expansion for biomass pellets may be hampered by the high cost of raw materials, such as wood pellets.
• In this report, the global biomass pellet market has been segmented into following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

• Fuller, Smith & Turner P.L.C.
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