Wayne State University

• Through the Helping to End Addiction Long-term® Initiative (NIH HEAL Initiative®), NIH has awarded grants to fund the optimization of new therapies to prevent and treat opioid use disorder (OUD).
• Cebranopadol is an investigational, dual nociception/orphanin FQ peptide (NOP) receptor and µ-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor agonist.
• Further, cebranopadol has demonstrated reduced cocaine and heroin self-administration and drug-seeking behaviors, reinforcing its potential as an effective treatment for OUD.
• The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

• Dr. Walega brings a wealth of experience and expertise to Integrated Pain Solutions.
• Additionally, he has an impressive background in treating various pain conditions, ranging from acute injuries to chronic pain syndromes.
• Prior to joining Integrated Pain Solutions, Dr. Walega spent most of his career practicing at Northwestern University, participating in various research studies in the advancement of treating pain, specifically as it relates to non-surgical methods of treating knee pain, chronic low back pain, cancer pain and cancer survivorship related issues, and much more.
• Integrated Pain Solutions, supported by American Pain Consortium, proudly serves Ohio with 3 clinics and 1 Ambulatory Surgical Center statewide and has been treating a wide range of acute and chronic pain conditions.

• In the U.S., people known as electors from each state and Washington, D.C., elect the president based on the popular vote.
• The fake electors cast fraudulent ballots for Trump.
• In Fulton County, Georgia, where there is an investigation into alleged fake electors underway, a court filing indicates that District Attorney Fani Willis granted immunity to eight fake electors.
• Based on anonymous sources, CNN reported that Smith compelled at least two fake electors to testify before a Washington, D.C., grand jury by giving them limited immunity.

What does it mean when a witness is granted immunity?

• It’s easier to think of them as full immunity and limited immunity.
• When a prosecutor grants a witness full immunity for an offense, she cannot thereafter prosecute the witness for that offense.
• When a prosecutor grants a witness limited immunity, she can still prosecute the witness.

Why would a prosecutor give a witness immunity?

• The catch is that witnesses have a right under the Fifth Amendment to refuse to answer questions that could be self-incriminating.
• That’s why if a witness has been granted immunity and refuses to testify, they can be held in contempt and sent to jail.

What does a witness get out of immunity?

• For a witness concerned about being charged with a crime, the benefits of full immunity are obvious.
• It also means that the witness will be cross-examined by a defense lawyer, who will likely try to convince the jury that the witness is lying.
• There is also the possibility that the defendant or his associates, or both, might retaliate against the witness outside of the courthouse.

Is immunity negotiated between prosecutors and witnesses? How is it determined whether a witness gets full or limited immunity?

• When immunity is negotiated, it looks a lot like a plea agreement, except that the potential defendant doesn’t plead guilty to a crime.
• Whether a witness receives full or limited immunity in those situations is determined by statutes and state constitutions.
• In the federal system and some states, the prosecutor merely has to grant limited immunity to compel testimony.

Is there a difference between state and federal immunity?

Some states are more generous than others, or than the federal government, in granting full rather than limited immunity. Beyond that, there are various procedural differences between state and federal immunity that can sometimes be important. But on the major points, there aren’t many glaring differences between how witness immunity works in the federal and state systems.

Can granting immunity in one jurisdiction make the job of a prosecutor in another jurisdiction harder?

• When a witness testifies in a state proceeding pursuant to a formal immunity grant from a state prosecutor, their testimony can’t be used against them in federal court either.
• When a person testifies with immunity in a federal proceeding, that testimony cannot be used against them in a state prosecution.
• It can, however, complicate matters when prosecutors at one level try to prosecute a person who received immunity at a different level.

• (Jack) Miller in 1952 creating the firm, which was then known as Honigman Miller and Schwartz.
• Alan was a lawyer, businessman and friend to his clients, whom he served with integrity and intelligence," said Honigman Chairman and CEO David Foltyn.
• It was his vision for Honigman 'to be the best law firm for the best lawyers' which has inspired and guided our firm for over half a century."
• He is survived by his children, Marc (Emily Camiener) Schwartz, Kurt (Susan) Schwartz and Ruthanne (Joe) Fuller, and five grandchildren.