BMC Public Health

New scientific paper exposes serious flaws in fluoride-IQ studies

Retrieved on:

Monday, March 25, 2024

WASHINGTON, March 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Hundreds of millions of people around the world receive significant dental health benefits because their tap water is adjusted to the recommended amount of fluoride. Yet opponents of water fluoridation often cite a 2019 Canadian study (Green et al.) to claim that fluoride affects children's IQ scores. This claim has been refuted by a new peer-reviewed analysis. This published analysis shows that the Canadian researchers relied on data that cannot report fluoride measurement and does not accurately measure IQ.

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The authors of this analysis wrote that studies relying on these data to make claims about fluoride and IQ "should be considered unacceptable for legal and policy purposes."
When the researchers compared the average IQ score between fluoridated and non-fluoridated cities in Canada, the scores were virtually identical.
In fact, a 2023 systematic review examined 30 fluoride-IQ studies and found that 29 studies were at moderate to high risk of bias (lower quality).
For more information on the scientific evidence related to fluoride and fluoridation, please visit the American Fluoridation Society at AmericanFluoridationSociety.org.

Reflection paper on investigation of pharmacokinetics in the obese population - Scientific guideline

Retrieved on:

Wednesday, February 14, 2024

Leptin, PD, Metabolism, Toxicity, Body composition, Ciprofloxacin, Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Water, LBW, Perfusion, LBM, Canadian International Council, AUC, PLOS One, Bariatric surgery, Clopidogrel, CYP, Breast, Health, DNA-binding protein, BMC Public Health, Pharmacology, BMI, CRP, Pharmaceutical Research (journal), Organ, Draft, Guideline, Bypass surgery, WHO, Ageing, INT, Pharmacokinetics, Liver, Bioavailability, Chronic liver disease, Human, Incidence, Committee, Absorption, TBW, Cardiovascular disease, Anatomy, CYP2C19, PBPK, Cmax, Factorization of polynomials, European, Lancet, CHMP, Journal, NASH, Pharmacotherapy, Adipose tissue, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Journal of Clinical Investigation, Medication package insert, Overweight, NPS MedicineWise, Permeability, Benzodiazepine, Meta-analysis, Liver disease, Half-life, Acetylcholine, Ciclosporin, AAG, Kinetics, Midazolam, Kidney, Safety, Biomarker, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Peptide, Classification, Hypertension, Metabolic syndrome, Acute coronary syndrome, Insulin resistance, Fatty liver disease, CYP2E1, Lithium, Body mass index, Reproduction, EMA, IBW, Injection, Anker, NCA, Enzyme, Inflammation, Cancer, Weight loss, Gastrointestinal tract, Cardiac output, Public health, Adipokine, CYP2C9, E pluribus unum, Physiology, Agency, Risk, Steroid, Lymph, CYP2D6, BSA, GI, Cytokine, Systematic review, Vaccine

Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in

Key Points:

Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in
the obese population
Table of contents
1.
References .............................................................................................. 9
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
EMA/CHMP/535116/2016

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1.
This is considered
a shortcoming that is potentially compounded by obese patients often being poorly represented in
clinical studies.
The specific aims of this reflection paper are to:
?
describe how the effects of obesity can be investigated during clinical medicinal product
development.
?
provide recommendations on when investigations of the effect of obesity on the PK of a
medicinal product should be particularly considered.
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
EMA/CHMP/535116/2016
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?

discuss how to reflect PK (and/or PK/PD) findings in weight/weight-based dosing
recommendations.
Absorption
Reduced rate of absorption linked to locally reduced blood flow (8) is reported for the subcutaneous
and transdermal routes in obese subjects.
Distribution
The distribution of medicinal products is driven by body composition, regional blood flow and binding to
tissue and plasma proteins.
Obese subjects have a larger absolute lean body weight (LBW) as well as fat mass.
The physicochemical properties of a medicinal product (lipophilicity, polarity, molecular size, and
degree of ionization) influence its distribution in the body.
In BMI class III obese
subjects, the blood flow per gram of fat is significantly lower than that observed in class I obese or
lean subjects (4).
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
EMA/CHMP/535116/2016
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An increased amount of alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AAG), linked to a chronic inflammatory state, is
reported in obese individuals.
Fatty infiltrations are present in the liver for 90% of obese subjects, with the extent of the infiltrations
being proportional to the degree of obesity.
In some cases, in particular for CYP3A4 metabolized medicinal products,
bodyweight normalized clearance can be lower in obese patients (23).
Based on presently available data, it has been suggested that uptake transporters
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
EMA/CHMP/535116/2016

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are downregulated while efflux transporters may be upregulated (31).
Platelet hyper-reactivity is also observed,
which can impair the response to anti-platelet medicinal products in obese patients (42, 43).
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
EMA/CHMP/535116/2016
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3.

the medicinal product properties and scientific literature indicate that obesity may lead to a
marked effect on elimination and/or distribution or on the PK/PD relationship.
These
models may aid in extrapolating the known efficacy and safety in the non-obese population to the
obese population.
The Pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A Substrate Midazolam in Morbidly Obese Patients
Before and One Year After Bariatric Surgery.
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
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41.
Reflection paper on investigations of pharmacokinetics in the obese population
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Who gets to be healthy? The 'social determinants of health' can reduce inequities, but many policies neglect them

Retrieved on:

Tuesday, August 22, 2023

The “social determinants of health” is a fancy way of describing a simple idea: that a person’s health is influenced not just by what they eat or do but also by social factors. These include: There’s growing awareness among researchers and policymakers that addressing the social determinants of health is crucial to tackling inequities in Australia.

Key Points:

The “social determinants of health” is a fancy way of describing a simple idea: that a person’s health is influenced not just by what they eat or do but also by social factors. These include:

There’s growing awareness among researchers and policymakers that addressing the social determinants of health is crucial to tackling inequities in Australia.
However, this growing awareness of how social factors affect children’s health is not always reflected in policy.
We found just 10% addressed the social determinants of health.

What we did and what we found

We picked out policies with a title that addressed the issues of children, youth, paediatric, adolescent, youth health, or families, as well as education policies that included “wellbeing” in the title.
We also selected whole-of-government policies addressing child and youth health issues, and health promotion or disease-prevention policies with a chapter or extensive section dedicated to children.
Addressing this means taking action on the social factors we know will make things fairer for all children.

The good news

The good news is we saw Australian policymakers were paying attention to some of the social determinants of health.
This is good news because we know if children are engaged in childcare, kindies, and schools during childhood they will have better health outcomes throughout life.
Parental workplace conditions: across the policies we analysed, there was recognition parental employment conditions contribute to the health of children.
This could be a key part of tackling the increasing levels of psychological distress some children and youth are experiencing.

Where to from here?

We need a health system that balances both acute care and prevention.
This could help toward the goal of ensuring all children living in Australia have better health outcomes and a fairer start in life.

New report reinforces confidence in the safety of fluoride

Retrieved on:

Friday, March 24, 2023

WASHINGTON, March 24, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- A newly drafted report by the National Toxicology program (NTP) has removed the hazard classification of fluoride. This strengthens the broad consensus that fluoride in toothpaste and water safely reduces dental cavities. The NTP report was revised from previous versions that had failed to pass the peer review process.

Key Points:

WASHINGTON, March 24, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- A newly drafted report by the National Toxicology program (NTP) has removed the hazard classification of fluoride.
The NTP report was revised from previous versions that had failed to pass the peer review process.
Studies from Australia, Spain and Sweden have found no link between fluoride exposure and negative cognitive effects.
Dr. Johnny Johnson, president of the American Fluoridation Society, said there was both good and bad news in the newly drafted report.

Contract Research Organization Services Global Market Report 2023: Demand for New Clinical Trial Designs for Cell and Gene Therapies Boosts Growth - ResearchAndMarkets.com

Retrieved on:

Friday, February 24, 2023

Surge in prevalence of chronic diseases, technological advancements in the clinical trials process, and growing demand for new clinical trial designs for cell and gene therapies are the factors contributing to the market growth.

Key Points:

Surge in prevalence of chronic diseases, technological advancements in the clinical trials process, and growing demand for new clinical trial designs for cell and gene therapies are the factors contributing to the market growth.
Expanding pharmaceutical & medical device R&D pipelines is estimated to spur the market growth during the forecast period.
In 2022, North America region accounted for the highest revenue in the contract research organization (CRO) services market during the forecast period.
The increasing surge in healthcare expenditure and pharma companies depends on contract research organization to offer more efficiency and productivity.