Data collection

The costs of workplace violence are too high to ignore

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 25, 2024

In the U.S., more than 2 million workers face violence on the job each year – and those are just the cases that get reported.

Key Points: 
  • In the U.S., more than 2 million workers face violence on the job each year – and those are just the cases that get reported.
  • The effects of workplace violence are profound, including physical and emotional suffering, destroyed careers and harm to companies and society.
  • Although estimates differ, researchers have put the cost of workplace violence at as much as US$56 billion annually – and that’s likely an undercount.

Service workers are at risk

  • Similarly, a survey by the AFL-CIO found that 53% of hotel workers had experienced harassment on the job.
  • Meanwhile, 3 in 4 health care workers report exposure to workplace violence.
  • At the same time, men of color and women of all races, who are at elevated risk of having already experienced discrimination, are overrepresented among service industry employees.

Companies fail to prioritize safety

  • The potential for cost savings was made clear in another Liberty Mutual report published about two decades later.
  • It found that on-the-job violence cost the health and social services sector nearly half a billion dollars in 2022 alone.
  • Despite this fact, only about 30% of businesses have established safety and health programs, according to the U.S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Opportunities and solutions exist

  • Research shows that a diversity, equity, inclusion and belonging lens in the workplace helps create a feeling of safety and confidence that fosters security.
  • Many employees will have experienced forms of discrimination in varying degrees of severity throughout their time in the workplace.
  • By adopting a DEIB-informed approach and expressing cultural sensitivity, workplaces can become safer environments for everyone.
  • Their evidence-based approach encompasses a variety of interventions against workplace violence and works toward creating meaningful change in industries across the country.


Miranda Kitterlin-Lynch volunteered as a speaker at PAVE Prevention Inc.'s annual summits in 2022 and 2023. She has no financial stake in the organization.

Dominant currency pricing in international trade of services

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 25, 2024

Abstract

Key Points: 
    • Abstract
      We analyze, for the first time, how firms choose the currency in which they price transactions
      in international trade of services and investigate, using direct evidence, whether the US dollar
      (USD) plays a dominant role in services trade.
    • JEL: F14, F31, F41
      Keywords: dominant currency paradigm, international trade, services.
    • Related research has
      shown that the US dollar (USD) exchange rate is a major source of swings in
      global trade in goods?a ?dominant currency pricing? (DCP) phenomenon?since
      most goods traded internationally are invoiced and sticky in USD.
    • Yet it is also key to look at dominant currency pricing in international trade
      in services for several reasons.
    • First, global trade in services is big?accounting for
      about a quarter of global gross trade flows and for around 40% in terms of valueadded trade.
    • Third, and relatedly, the
      future of globalisation might be in trade in intermediate services?as progress with
      digitech lowers technological barriers to such trade across borders.
    • But perhaps the main reason is that trade in services is conceptually different
      from trade in goods.
    • Our paper is the first, to our best knowledge, that analyzes how firms choose
      the currency in which they price transactions in international trade of services and
      that examines whether dominant currency pricing differs between trade in goods
      and services using direct evidence? hitherto unavailable?on patterns of currency
      choices in international transactions in services compared to goods.
    • Work on dominant currency pricing has
      almost exclusively focused on trade in goods.
    • One reason is that data on patterns
      in invoicing currency for trade in services are ?virtually nonexistent? (Adler et al.
    • Yet it is important to look at dominant currency pricing in international trade
      in services for several reasons.
    • Using the exporter?s (or producer) currency in exports is known in the literature as producer
      currency pricing (PCP), while using the importer?s currency is known as local currency pricing (LCP)
      and using a third currency is known as vehicle currency pricing (VCP).
    • Our paper is the first, to our best knowledge, that analyzes how firms choose the
      currency in which they price transactions in international trade of services and that
      examines whether dominant currency pricing differs between international trade in
      goods and services using direct evidence ? hitherto unavailable ? on patterns of
      currency choices in international transactions in services compared to goods.
    • First,
      we rule out compositional effects, that is that differences in the use of currencies
      reflect differences in trade partners in services vs. goods trade.
    • Both in extra-EU and intra-EU trade, the EUR is the
      most widely used currency, be it on the export or import side.
    • Based
      on the framework, we stress which factors should determine currency choices in
      international trade, and to what extent one should expect differences between
      services trade and goods trade.
    • Second, it can price in the importer?s currency
      (local currency pricing, LCP).4 Third, it can use a third currency, say currency
      v (vehicle currency pricing, VCP).
    • That is,
      the currency choice problem is equivalent to determining the currency in which the
      desired price is least volatile.
    • (2022)
      provide systematic empirical evidence ? firm size and exposure to foreign currencies
      in imported inputs ? should also shape currency choices in services trade.
    • Dominant currency pricing in USD ? services vs. goods trade
      Having established that currency choice in international trade of services is an
      active firm-level decision as well as the determinants of this decision, we now

      8.

    • Services and goods exports: prevalence of different pricing strategies (percent)
      Notes: The table shows the shares (in value terms) of different pricing strategies: producer currency
      pricing (PCP), local currency pricing (LCP) and vehicle currency pricing (VCP).
    • To make comparisons with goods trade, we rely on Eurostat?s
      macro data on international trade in goods by invoivcing currency.
    • If intra-EU trade is more important in services than
      in goods trade, this could hence be an explanation for the lower prevalence of the
      USD in services trade.
    • We showed
      that while the USD is also extensively used as a vehicle currency in services trade, its
      prevalence is systematically lower than in goods trade.
    • Hence for all travel services exports
      the invoicing currency is the EUR; for travel imports it is the currency of the
      destination of travel (i.e.
    • Also for these

      ECB Working Paper Series No 2932

      33

      services it seems plausible that trade does not take place vis-?-vis all counterparts
      in each currency.

    • Figure B.2: Share of international trade in services in global GDP broken down by type (%)
      Notes: Authors? calculations using World Bank and World Trade Organization data.
    • An earlier version of this paper circulated under the title ?Currency choices and the role of the
      U.S. dollar in international services trade?.

The EBA observes an increase of high earners in the EU in 2022

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 25, 2024

The EBA observes an increase of high earners in the EU in 2022

Key Points: 
  • The EBA observes an increase of high earners in the EU in 2022
    The European Banking Authority (EBA) published today its Report on high earners for 2022.
  • In 2022, the number of high earners receiving a remuneration of more than EUR 1 million increased by 19.7%, from 1 957 in 2021 to 2 342 in 2022.
  • The EBA will continue to publish data on high earners annually, to closely monitor and evaluate developments in this area.
  • EUR 1 mn to EUR 2 mn)
    Slide 3: Number of high earners (data for 2022) by Member State (EU and EEA) and gender for institutions and investment firms
    Slide 4: Percentage of female high earners for institutions and investment firms (data for 2022)
    Slide 5: Ratio between variable and fixed remuneration of high earners by Member State
    Documents
    Press contacts
    Franca Rosa Congiu

FPF Develops Checklist & Guide to Help Schools Vet AI Tools for Legal Compliance

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 25, 2024

FPF Develops Checklist & Guide to Help Schools Vet AI Tools for Legal Compliance

Key Points: 
  • FPF Develops Checklist & Guide to Help Schools Vet AI Tools for Legal Compliance
    FPF’s Youth and Education team has developed a checklist and accompanying policy brief to help schools vet generative AI tools for compliance with student privacy laws.
  • Vetting Generative AI Tools for Use in Schools is a crucial resource as the use of generative AI tools continues to increase in educational settings.
  • With these resources, FPF aims to provide much-needed clarity and guidance to educational institutions grappling with these issues.
  • Check out the LinkedIn Live with CEO Jules Polonetsky and Youth & Education Director David Sallay about the Checklist and Policy Brief.

Two New Apple and Google Platform Privacy Requirements Kicking In Now

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, April 18, 2024

Apple?s important mandatory requirements affecting iOS apps are about to kick in, and Google’s new requirements for publishers and advertisers have just gone into effect. Accurately implementing these requirements calls for close cooperation between the legal, privacy, and ad ops teams. Apple’s Privacy Manifests At WWDC 2023, Apple announced privacy manifests, signatures for SDKs, and [?]

Key Points: 


Apple?s important mandatory requirements affecting iOS apps are about to kick in, and Google’s new requirements for publishers and advertisers have just gone into effect. Accurately implementing these requirements calls for close cooperation between the legal, privacy, and ad ops teams. Apple’s Privacy Manifests At WWDC 2023, Apple announced privacy manifests, signatures for SDKs, and [?]

Alcohol Addiction Treatment Firm will be Banned from Disclosing Health Data for Advertising to Settle FTC Charges that It Shared Data Without Consent

Retrieved on: 
Friday, April 12, 2024

The Federal Trade Commission has taken action against an alcohol addiction treatment service for allegedly disclosing users’ personal health data to third-party advertising platforms, including Meta and Google, for advertising without consumer consent, after promising to keep such information confidential.

Key Points: 
  • The Federal Trade Commission has taken action against an alcohol addiction treatment service for allegedly disclosing users’ personal health data to third-party advertising platforms, including Meta and Google, for advertising without consumer consent, after promising to keep such information confidential.
  • As part of a proposed order settling the FTC allegations, New York-based Monument, Inc. will be banned from disclosing health information for advertising and must obtain users’ affirmative consent before sharing health information with third parties for any other purpose.
  • “This action continues the FTC’s work to ensure strict limits on how firms handle sensitive health data, rather than putting the onus on consumers to protect themselves,” said Samuel Levine, Director of the FTC’s Bureau of Consumer Protection.
  • Monument used these pixels and APIs to track “standard” and “custom events,” meaning instances in which consumers interacted with Monument’s website.
  • If the company is found to have misrepresented its finances, it will be required to pay the full amount.
  • The Commission voted 3-0 to refer the complaint and stipulated final order to the Department of Justice for filing.
  • The DOJ filed the complaint and stipulated order in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.

Using research to solve societal problems starts with building connections and making space for young people

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Often, when scientists do research around a specific societal challenge, they hope their work will help solve that larger problem.

Key Points: 
  • Often, when scientists do research around a specific societal challenge, they hope their work will help solve that larger problem.
  • Yet translating findings into long-lasting, community-driven solutions is much harder than most expect.
  • Issues like climate change, renewable energy, public health and migration are complex, making direct solutions challenging to develop and implement.

Defining use-inspired research

  • A framework called use-inspired research and engagement, or UIRE, acknowledges this fact.
  • In use-inspired research, the potential applications of findings for society shape the directions of exploration.
  • Use-inspired research expands on translational research, prioritizing building connections between practitioners and communities.
  • In the U.S., the passage of the CHIPS and Science Act in 2022 further codified use-inspired research.

Producing science in partnership

  • Together, these teams apply the results and develop products, implement behavior changes, or further inform community decision-making.
  • For example, a large hospital, an academic organization and several nonprofits may partner together to explore issues affecting health care accessibility in the region.
  • These groups can then collaborate further to develop specific programs, such as educational initiatives and enhanced health care services.
  • They can tailor these to the needs of the community they serve.
  • Use-inspired research matters because it looks at all the different issues facing a community holistically and keeps them in mind when investigating potential solutions.
  • UIRE is not a substitute for basic, foundational research, which explores new questions to fundamentally understand a topic.

Harnessing early-career engagement

  • They also focus on making the findings accessible to those outside academia.
  • To craft necessary solutions for complex societal problems, institutions will need to continue backing traditional scholars who excel at pure basic research.
  • Creating opportunities for the ongoing involvement of young people will seed a vibrant future for use-inspired research and engagement.


Zoey England is currently completing a Use-Inspired Research Science Communications fellowship, funded through a grant from the National Science Foundation. She has also received funding from CTNext. Jennifer Forbey receives funding from the National Science Foundation. Michael Muszynski receives funding from the National Science Foundation. He is affiliated with the Maize Genetics Cooperation.

Shifts in how sex and gender identity are defined may alter human rights protections: Canadians deserve to know how and why

Retrieved on: 
Wednesday, April 10, 2024

Recent education policy changes and protests about sex education reveal increasing concern and polarization over how sex and gender identity are taught in public schools in Canada.

Key Points: 
  • Recent education policy changes and protests about sex education reveal increasing concern and polarization over how sex and gender identity are taught in public schools in Canada.
  • They also expose the significant role now played by school boards in constructing the meaning of gender identity and gender expression.
  • Changes in how words and terms are used can impact our ability to know about people’s lives and protect their rights.
  • Significant shifts are taking place around how we define and understand sex and gender in education and public policy in Canada.

Sex, gender and law

  • Yet sex, gender identity and gender expression are not defined in human rights legislation in Canada.
  • They should be able to express their concerns and participate in open discussions about the meaning of words we share.

Changes in the definition of sex

  • The Charter of the United Nations prohibits sex discrimination.
  • The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights precludes discrimination based on sex.

Changes since 2018


Since 2018, the word sex is increasingly defined by the federal government as something that is “assigned at birth.” But there is no consistency across federal departments and agencies. Some continue to define sex as a biological question of male or female. Those that define sex as assigned at birth do not consistently explain how sex is assigned or by whom.

Conceptual shifts around word ‘woman’

  • Similar conceptual shifts are taking place around the word woman.
  • The word woman was formerly linked to sex and used to refer to female people.
  • Now, government departments including the Department of Justice increasingly use the word woman to refer to all people who identify as women.

Defining gender identity

  • When gender identity was added to federal human rights legislation, the Department of Justice defined gender identity as:
    “each person’s internal and individual experience of gender.
  • A person’s gender identity may or may not align with the gender typically associated with their sex.”
    “A person’s internal and deeply felt sense of being a man or woman, both or neither.
  • A person’s gender identity may or may not align with the gender typically associated with their sex.”

School boards define terms differently

  • Researchers have identified that secular boards across Ontario define gender identity and gender expression differently from one another.
  • Some school boards now define gender identity as something everyone has.

Data collection shifts away from sex towards gender

  • A shift away from sex and towards gender (identity) has occurred in data collection practices at the federal government level.
  • In 2018, the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat and the Department of Justice Canada recommended “ways to modernize how the Government of Canada handles information on sex and gender.” They recommended that “departments and agencies should collect or display gender information by default, unless sex information is specifically needed.” They used “sex” to refer to biological characteristics, and “gender” to refer to a social and personal identity.

Open discussions are overdue


As Canadian society shifts to accommodate the legal recognition of gender diversity, there will be tensions. Ultimately, courts will be tasked with deciding how some of those tensions are resolved, when sex, gender identity and gender expression are all protected in human rights laws. In the meantime, as a society, we need to openly and transparently grapple with some increasingly important questions:
First, how will foundational concepts such as sex, gender identity and gender expression be defined and given effect in education, law, public policy and beyond?
Second, how will tensions between experiences, interests and rights associated with sex and those associated with gender identity and/or gender expression be resolved?
Third, who is best placed to decide how these questions are answered in education, law, public policy and beyond?
Everyone who may be impacted by the answers to these questions should be included in the conversation.
Debra M Haak receives funding from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council, the Canadian Bar Association Law for the Future Fund, and the Queen's University Faculty Association Fund for Scholarly Research.

Glycotope to present platform approach for development of anti-GlycoTarget antibodies at 2024 AACR Meeting

Retrieved on: 
Monday, April 8, 2024

Berlin, Germany, 08 April, 2024 – Glycotope GmbH, a biotechnology company utilizing a proprietary platform technology to developing antibodies against proteins carrying tumor-specific carbohydrate structures, today announces that it will present its platform approach and GlycoTarget database in a poster presentation at the 2024 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Meeting, being held in San Diego, California, United States, between 05-10 April 2024.

Key Points: 
  • Berlin, Germany, 08 April, 2024 – Glycotope GmbH, a biotechnology company utilizing a proprietary platform technology to developing antibodies against proteins carrying tumor-specific carbohydrate structures, today announces that it will present its platform approach and GlycoTarget database in a poster presentation at the 2024 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Meeting, being held in San Diego, California, United States, between 05-10 April 2024.
  • Patrik Kehler, Chief Scientific Officer of Glycotope GmbH commented: “At Glycotope, we have established a standardized process for the data collection and prioritization of potential protein/carbohydrate combined glycoepitopes (GlycoTargets).
  • We look forward to attending AACR to present our workflow and corresponding database to leading cancer research experts, illustrating how this information is subsequently used for the targeted discovery of antibodies that bind to our GlycoTargets, offering increased tumor-specificity compared to simple protein targets.”
    Poster details are as follows: