National Academies Press

Demographics, labor market power and the spatial equilibrium

Retrieved on: 
Tuesday, February 13, 2024
Diamond, Bias, Azar, Technical report, Annual Review of Economics, Princeton University, Education, Population growth, Interval (mathematics), House, Labour economics, SSRN, J11, SIAB, Medical classification, Human resources, Automation, R2, Section 2, FE, CEPR, Probability, Literature, Workforce, Housing, Reproduction, Research Papers in Economics, Male, Classification, Supply chain, A.2, Section, Political economy, BHP, Sokolov, Calibration, Journal of Labor Economics, Journal of Political Economy, Social Security, Schaffner, Selection bias, Yi, Sample, Inequality, Employment, Paper, Princeton University Press, Theory, Woman, Daron Acemoglu, American Economic Review, XN, Shock, National Academies Press, Female, Retirement, Section 5, Manning, Central bank, National academy, European Central Bank, Section 4, Labor share, IEB, Bachmann, David Berger, Research, Federal Reserve Bank, JEL, Elasticity, Workplace, Section 3, Welfare, Journal of Urban Economics, National Research Council, Projection, Fertility, A4, University Press, Feedback, Market power, Converge, Concentration, PDF, Policy, Click, Meta-analysis, Website, Unemployment, Social science, Quarterly Journal of Economics, ECB, Demography, Real estate

Abstract

Key Points: 
    • Abstract
      This paper studies how demographics affect aggregate labor market power, the urban wage
      premium and the spatial concentration of population.
    • I develop a quantitative spatial model
      in which labor market competitiveness depends on the demographic composition of the local
      workforce.
    • If these factors differ across workers, labor market power has a role to
      play in explaining wage inequality.
    • This paper contributes to the literature on differences in labor market power by analyzing a
      new dimension of heterogeneity: demographics.
    • Since older workers are less mobile in terms of
      switching workplaces, firms have more labor market power over older workers.
    • I start by estimating labor market power by measuring the sensitivity of worker turnover to
      the wage paid.
    • I find a strong
      role of demographics in determining the degree of labor market power enjoyed by firms.
    • Next, I provide evidence of the importance of differences in labor market power for spatial
      wage inequality.
    • To explore the consequences of labor market sorting, I build a spatial general equilibrium
      model in which labor market competitiveness depends on the demographic composition of the

      ECB Working Paper Series No 2906

      2

      local workforce.

    • If these factors differ across workers, labor market power has a role to
      play in explaining wage inequality.
    • In
      the model, geographic sorting by age matters and leads to higher labor market power in rural
      areas, which implies an urban wage premium that is 4% larger than with uniform labor supply
      elasticities.
    • I follow Manning (2013) and estimate labor market power by measuring the sensitivity of worker
      turnover to the wage paid.
    • Bachmann et al., 2021; Ahlfeldt et al., 2022a; Berger et al.,
      2022) that nest a monopsonistic labor market in a spatial general equilibrium model (Redding
      and Rossi-Hansberg, 2017).
    • As firms have more labor market power
      over older workers, they face an upward-sloping labor supply curve that is less elastic in regions
      with an older workforce.
    • Firms choose in which labor market to operate in the sense that there is free
      entry at fixed costs into all locations.
    • How are differences in labor market competitiveness across space sustained in spatial equilibrium?
    • I use the model to quantify the importance of heterogeneity
      in labor market power for the urban wage premium and the spatial concentration of population.
    • My work is complementary to but quite different
      from this paper since I argue that population aging increases labor market power rather than
      product market power.
    • By analyzing the effects of a changing age composition of the workforce in the context
      of labor market power, I relate to literature on the labor market effects of population aging.
    • ECB Working Paper Series No 2906

      7

      after controlling for age, differences in labor market power between East and West Germany
      vanish.

    • They conclude that higher
      concentration is associated with higher labor market power (as in the model of Jarosch et al.,
      forthcoming).
    • I offer an alternative explanation why labor market power differs across regions:
      Since denser regions have a younger workforce, workers are more mobile in terms of switching
      jobs which implies lower labor market power of firms.
    • In this case, I infer a
      high labor supply elasticity and low labor market power of firms.
    • I contribute to this growing debate by
      quantifying differences in labor market power across worker groups and their effects on regional
      inequality.
    • While the model shows how demographics affect labor market power, the urban wage premium and agglomeration, one fundamental question remains open for future research: What
      are the policy implications of (differences in) labor market power?

Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation and J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society unite to address healthcare disparities

Retrieved on: 
Friday, March 18, 2022
Organization, The Foundation for Young Australians, Healthcare disparity in Massachusetts, Population, MSK, Research, Health, Orthopaedic Research Society, National academy, Injury, Quality of life, Twitter, National Academies Press, Surgeon, Institute, Muscle, Physician, Income, IOM, Patient, Partnership, Racism, Pharmaceutical industry, Medicine, Orthopedic surgery, MD

ROSEMONT, Ill., March 18, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) and the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) today announced a new collaboration to address healthcare disparities, racism, and inequities in orthopaedic treatment and research through the development of the OREF/JRGOS Disparities in Orthopaedic Care Research Grant.

Key Points: 
  • ROSEMONT, Ill., March 18, 2022 /PRNewswire-PRWeb/ -- The Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation (OREF) and the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) today announced a new collaboration to address healthcare disparities, racism, and inequities in orthopaedic treatment and research through the development of the OREF/JRGOS Disparities in Orthopaedic Care Research Grant.
  • OREF is committed to exploring ways to partner with others to support research that can lead to breakthroughs and address important issues confronting the field of orthopaedics.
  • The collaboration between JRGOS and OREF will allow both organizations to focus on supporting research to address health disparities, racism, and inequities in orthopaedic treatment and research, bringing complementary strengths and resources to the partnership.
  • The mission of the J. Robert Gladden Orthopaedic Society (JRGOS) is to increase diversity within the orthopaedic profession and promote the highest quality musculoskeletal care for all people.

AppliedVR Raises $36 Million Series B To Scale Comprehensive Virtual Reality Platform For Healthcare

Retrieved on: 
Thursday, November 11, 2021
People, Quality of life, COVID-19, University, Intelligence, Cleveland Clinic, National Academies Press, View, Cancer, Neuroscience, Science, Pharmacy, DOI, Health, Degenerative disease, CEO, Economic cost, Work, Technology, Internet research, Aircraft, Capital, University of California, San Francisco, Investment, Growth, Chronic pain, CA, Multimedia, Curriculum, Research, Sport, NIDA, Twitter, The Journal of Pain, LinkedIn, Therapy, Solution, Journal, Pain management, JMIR, Virtual reality, Diabetes, National academy, Education, Patient, VR, FDA, Medicaid, Poultry, Pharmaceutical industry, Medical device, Financial services

"For too long, we've relied on the notion that people need to take pills or rely on surgery to feel better and lead a better quality of life. At AppliedVR, we're building an unparalleled body of evidence for providers and payers to demonstrate that immersive therapeutics can fill the massive unmet need for patients who are frustrated by current treatment paradigms. And, we are starting with chronic pain, one of the most complex, costly conditions," said Matthew Stoudt, co-founder and CEO of AppliedVR. "Our goal is to make immersive therapeutics accessible to everyone, and this funding will help further expand our body of evidence, infrastructure and distribution platform, enabling patients and providers to take advantage of this next-generation therapeutic -- while also bringing down costs for payers."

Key Points: 
  • Virtual reality provides an immersive experience that has been proven to improve the lives of people experiencing pain.
  • And, we are starting with chronic pain, one of the most complex, costly conditions," said Matthew Stoudt, co-founder and CEO of AppliedVR.
  • "Virtual reality is now a smart, practical and effective therapy for healthcare because of innovations from companies like AppliedVR.
  • "As the market leader in developing virtual reality-based prescription digital therapies, we are delighted to be backing such an exceptional team at AppliedVR."

Prison Fellowship Responds to Alarming Increase of Homicide Rate in 2020 FBI Report

Retrieved on: 
Monday, September 27, 2021
Brennan Center for Justice, Man, Human, Homicide, Research, Advocacy, Justice, Decline, Ageing, Violence, Population, Crime, Prison Fellowship, Senior, National Research Council, CEO, FBI, Woman, National Academies Press, Broadway Limited Imports, Mark (given name), GLOBE, Drug, Online gambling

This increase in violent crime, particularly homicide crimes, should cause us to mourn.

Key Points: 
  • This increase in violent crime, particularly homicide crimes, should cause us to mourn.
  • Prison Fellowship is the nation's largest outreach to prisoners, former prisoners, and their families, and a leading voice for criminal justice reform.
  • Overall Homicide and Violent Crime Rate Trend: This represents the largest single year increase in homicide crimes ever recorded.
  • Despite this troubling increase, the homicide rate remains below the national peak recorded during the 1980s.

Envision Healthcare Shares Resources to Support Clinician Mental Health

Retrieved on: 
Friday, September 17, 2021
Mental Health, Health, Hospitals, Practice Management, Other Health, General Health, Well, Trauma, Policy, Elective surgery, FACEP, Envision Healthcare, Fatigue, National academy, Patient, Population, Theory, MD, Gastroenterology, Public policy, National Academies Press, Environment, Topical steroid withdrawal, Death, Face, Ophthalmology, Mental health, National Academy of Sciences, Anesthesiology, Health care, Envision, District, Neonatology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical industry

Envision Healthcare, a leading national medical group, is providing best practices on how to improve the professional well-being of clinicians and mitigate burnout.

Key Points: 
  • Envision Healthcare, a leading national medical group, is providing best practices on how to improve the professional well-being of clinicians and mitigate burnout.
  • To help the more than 50 percent of clinicians who experience symptoms of burnout,1 Envision is sharing its mental health resources with the entire medical community.
  • We must ensure all clinicians have the resources necessary to support their mental health and well-being.
  • To further support clinician well-being, Envision supports organizational and healthcare system policy improvements, such as improving practice schedule flexibility, reforming tort laws and providing student loan relief.

ZOLL and Wallaby Medical Announce Agreement to Distribute Temperature Management Products in China

Retrieved on: 
Monday, August 23, 2021
Other Manufacturing, Technology, Medical Devices, Other Technology, Cardiology, Software, Manufacturing, Other Health, Hardware, Health, EMS, National Academies Press, Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, Wallaby, Stroke, Ammonia, Time, Critical Care Medicine (journal), GBD, Survival, Life, Intracranial aneurysm, Esperance, Dialysis, Asahi Kasei, The Lancet, Data management, Ventilation, National Academy of Medicine, Cardiac arrest, Health, National academy, Hamad Medical Corporation, Temperature, Health care, Patient, TTM, Survivor, Solution, CEO, Howard Johnson Co. v. Detroit Local Joint Executive Board, FDA, CPR, Medical device, Pharmaceutical industry, ZOLL Medical Corporation, Asahi Kasei, Wallaby Medical, ZOLL MEDICAL CORPORATION, ASAHI KASEI, WALLABY MEDICAL

ZOLL Medical Corporation, an Asahi Kasei company that manufactures medical devices and related software solutions, and Wallaby Medical Technologies, a medical device company dedicated to treating stroke and cardiac arrest, today announced they have signed a distribution agreement whereby Wallaby will manage the sales and distribution of ZOLLs temperature management products in China.

Key Points: 
  • ZOLL Medical Corporation, an Asahi Kasei company that manufactures medical devices and related software solutions, and Wallaby Medical Technologies, a medical device company dedicated to treating stroke and cardiac arrest, today announced they have signed a distribution agreement whereby Wallaby will manage the sales and distribution of ZOLLs temperature management products in China.
  • ZOLL is excited to work with Wallaby to further expand the use of the Thermogard XP in China, allowing more patients to benefit from high-quality targeted temperature management (TTM), said Neil Johnston, President, ZOLL Circulation.
  • The Thermogard XP Intravascular Temperature Management System is an important part of our comprehensive product portfolio to achieve that aim, said Michael Alper, CEO, Wallaby Medical.
  • IVTM, Thermogard XP, and ZOLL are trademarks or registered trademarks of ZOLL Medical Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.

New Dry Spray Technology helps Increase Indoor Air Quality in Homes and Hotels

Retrieved on: 
Saturday, July 31, 2021
Physical sciences, Chemistry, Natural sciences, Air pollution, Biocides, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, Indoor air quality, Industrial hygiene, Occupational safety and health, Disinfectant, Pesticide, Spray

"The Paerosol MAG is the perfect disinfection platform alternative in the home, and is guaranteed to keep you staying healthy." --Steve Gareleck, CEO of Paerosol LLC

Key Points: 
  • Our innovation of synthetic building materials, furnishings, personal care products, pesticides, and more have led to a dramatic increase of poor indoor air quality.
  • With up to 3.8 million people per year in the United States dying due to having low indoor air quality, Paerosol's Dry Spray Technology has been found to help dramatically reduce these numbers.
  • Paerosol's MAG Ultra II uses proprietary technology to create a dry spray that permeates an entire room, killing up to 99.9999% of airborne and surface borne viruses, bacteria and mold - including the COVID-19 virus1.
  • Paerosol's proprietary Dry Spray technology allows for Paerolyte's liquid disinfectant to get into all corners and crevices of any space it's placed in.

Paerosol Announces Increased Use of Automobiles Calls for New Disinfecting Agent

Retrieved on: 
Saturday, July 31, 2021
Physical sciences, Natural sciences, Chemistry, Physical chemistry, Hygiene, Bactericides, Disinfectant, Pollution, Virus, Bioaerosol, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Mold

Paerolyte's liquid disinfectant in conjunction with Paerosol's micro-aerosol generator unit is the perfect, hands-free way to disinfect any size automobile.

Key Points: 
  • Paerolyte's liquid disinfectant in conjunction with Paerosol's micro-aerosol generator unit is the perfect, hands-free way to disinfect any size automobile.
  • "The dry spray can get into the air vents of the car to kill viruses, bacteria, and mold in places we can't see.
  • About Paerosol - Paerosol is a platform which kills air and surface-borne mold, bacteria, and viruses at up to a 99.9999% rate of effectiveness.
  • The Paerosol technology originated in the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ("PNNL") which is managed and operated by Battelle Memorial Institute.

Paerosol's New Disinfecting Technology Used in Florida Schools

Retrieved on: 
Saturday, July 31, 2021
Hygiene, Bactericides, Disinfectant, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Science and technology in the United States, Public health, Prevention

With cleaning supplies such as multi-purpose cleaners and disinfectant wipes, they can be labor-intensive and leave surface areas easily missed.

Key Points: 
  • With cleaning supplies such as multi-purpose cleaners and disinfectant wipes, they can be labor-intensive and leave surface areas easily missed.
  • Paerosol's Dry Spray Technology has proven to disinfect both air-borne and surface-borne mold, bacteria, and viruses at a rate of up to 99.9999% efficacy1.
  • The Paerosol technology originated in the Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory ("PNNL") which is managed and operated by Battelle Memorial Institute.
  • Paerosol's proprietary Dry Spray technology allows for Paerolyte's liquid disinfectant to get into all corners and crevices of any space it's placed in.